广东省由天然毒素导致的水产安全问题分析  

Analysis on sea food safety caused by natural toxins at Guangdong Province

作　　者：林华娟[1,2] 陈晓[1] 路垚[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东湛江524088 [2]水产品深加工广东普通高校重点实验室,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2013年第3期475-480,共6页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：广东省国际合作项目(粤科规划字[2012]98号);农业部现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(贝类;47)

摘　　要：分析广东省近30 a来水产品安全问题尤其是由天然毒素导致水产品中毒的特征和变化规律。近30 a来广东省共发生水产品中毒事件292起,其中天然毒素、鱼胆和其他因素导致的食物中毒起数比例分别为80%、14%和6%。天然毒素中毒最为突出,另外其中毒频率在不同时期总体呈现V字形变化。1980～1985年期间天然毒素中毒起数高达72起,随后中毒事件呈明显的下降趋势,1995年后又开始出现反弹上升趋势。1980～1985年期间,河豚和贝类中毒人数比例分别为96%和4%,未出现深海珊瑚鱼中毒。但是从1995年开始贝类和深海珊瑚鱼中毒比例呈明显上升趋势。到了2005～2011年期间,河豚、贝类和深海珊瑚礁鱼的中毒人数比例分别为16.7%、43.8%和38.3%,贝类和深海珊瑚礁鱼的安全问题日益凸显。春季和秋季是河豚中毒相对集中季节,而贝类中毒主要集中在春末夏初(3～5月)。由此可见有必要加快对天然毒素导致的水产品安全控制问题进行深入研究并制定行之有效的对策。Sea food safety,especially for sea food poisoning by natural toxins in the last 30 years for Guangdong Province was analyzed.292 poisoning cases by sea food occurred at Guangdong province during the last 30 years,in which the ratio of poisoning case by natural toxins,fish bile,and other factors were 80%,14% and 6%,respectively.The poisoning by natural toxins was the most serious,and it＇s poisoning frequency change on various periods appeared as ＂V＂ style.72 poisoning cases occurred during 1980~1985,then decreased remarkably,and increased after 1995.During 1980~1985,the ratio of poisoning number by puffer fish and shellfish were 96% and 4%,respectively,and the poisoning by coral reef fish inhabited at deep sea was not appeared.However,the ratio of poisoning by shellfish and coral reef fish inhabited at deep sea increased obviously.During 2005~2011,the ratio of poisoning number by puffer fish,shellfish and coral reef fish inhabited at deep sea changed to be 16.7%,43.8% and 38.3%,respectively.The safety problem of shellfish and coral reef fish increasingly.Poisoning by puffer fish relatively concentrated at spring and autumn,while that by shellfish majorly occurred from March to May.The result showed that it is necessary to investigate the sea food safety by natural toxins and establish some effective countermeasures.

关 键 词：水产品安全 河豚中毒 贝类中毒 雪卡毒素中毒 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]