绩效技术的范式变迁:走向价值探索  

The Paradigm Shift for Human Performance Technology:Toward Appreciative Inquiry

作　　者：于文浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学传媒学院教育技术学系

出　　处：《现代远程教育研究》2013年第6期24-32,共9页Modern Distance Education Research

基　　金：上海外国语大学校级重大科研项目"教育技术学知识体系构建研究"(KX161026);上海外国语大学青年团队创新项目"数字化学习资源的建设研究"(QJTD11JH001)

摘　　要：绩效技术的传统范式是一个基于组织消极性、以问题为导向的范式。它通过努力缩短现状绩效和期望绩效之间的差距来实现绩效的改进,但往往由于员工的"习惯性防卫"而阻碍了组织变革的的进程,显露出诸多限制绩效技术进一步深入发展的缺陷。基于社会建构主义和积极心理学的价值探索范式不同于传统的"以问题为中心"的范式,秉持激发员工内在动机、实现其内心对成功渴望的价值取向,注重对组织积极核心的探索,强调集体、持续、共同创造的过程,是一种积极地探索组织"价值和优势"的方法。核心理念的差异使得两种绩效技术范式在理论假设、方法与过程等方面的表现大相径庭。在实践中,绩效改进人员选择积极还是消极的价值取向决定了绩效技术范式的本质差别。当然,价值探索范式为绩效改进带来"整体向阳性"、提供了新视角的同时,我们认为基于积极性的绩效观是对基于消极性的绩效观的补充,而不是取代。这两种范式的结合将为绩效改进提供更完整的图景。The traditional paradigm of Human Performance Technology （HPT） is negative-based and problem-oriented, attempting to improve performance by reducing the gap between the actual level and the ideal level. This paradigm, however, gradually limits the development of the HPT research because of the employees＂ routine defense. The appreciative inquiry paradigm based on social constructivism and positive psychology is quite different from the traditional one. It focuses on the inspiration of employees＂ intrinsic motivation and craving for success, as well as the inquiry of the positive core of the organization, and emphasizes the collective, sustainable, and co-creative process. This paradigm is a methodology that seeks the strengths and values of an organization. Differences in their core concept result in totally different theoretical assumptions, methods and processes between the two paradigms. In practice, the basic difference of paradigms is determined by whether the performance promoters choose a positive or a negative value orientation. The appreciative inquiry paradigm injects vitality into the HPT research, and brings new insights to its development. It is believed that the positivity-based appreciative inquiry paradigm is complementary rather than substitutional to the negative performance perspective and the combination of both positive and negative paradigms promises a better prospect for performance improvement.

关 键 词：绩效技术 范式变迁 价值探索 绩效技术模型 

分 类 号：G43[文化科学—教育学]