汉译佛典叙事类文体的特色及对中土叙事文学的影响  

On Stylistic Features of the Narrative Works in Chinese Translation of Buddhist Sutras and Their Influence

作　　者：李小荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学文学院,福州350007

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第6期78-86,共9页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(11BZW074);教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目(NCET-11-0902)

摘　　要：在汉译佛典十二部经中,属于叙事类文体的主要有本事、本生、因缘、譬喻、未曾有和授记六种。它们在叙事上呈现出三大特点:一是因果报应的叙事伦理,它具有鲜明的印度佛教色彩,讲究善有善报、恶有恶报和自作自受。二是详赡、重复与夸诞的叙事风格。详赡,指叙事内容的详实、周密,且特别重视运用各种细节描写,诸如场景、语言、行动、心理、肖像等。重复,主要指一部佛经在叙事时,相同或相近的故事类型反复出现在同一主人物身上。夸诞则和神通叙事有关。三是集锦式、葡萄藤式的故事结构。前者多用于整部佛经,后者多用于组经中的小经或其中的某个故事。而汉译佛典叙事类文体的这些特点,通过不同的途径影响了中国古典小说的生成与发展,像虚构、重复叙事与神通叙事等方法的运用,莫不和这些佛典的传播有着千丝万缕的联系。In the Dvadasanga - buddha - vacana, there are six kinds of the narrative works in Chinese translation of Buddhist sutras. Of which, they are named ity - uktaka （本事）, jataka（ 本生）, nidana（ 因缘）, avadana（譬喻）, adbhuta - dharma （ 未曾有 ） and vyakarana （ 授记 ）. And there are three narrative characteristics in all of these sutras. （ 1 ） From the narrative ethics, it has a distinct Indian Buddhist colors, and in particular, it emphasized what goes around, comes around, and self- inflicted retribution concept. （2） From the detailed, repeated and exaggerated narrative styles, these works not only prefer to use different descriptions, such as scenes, language, action, psychology, portrait and so on, but also like to repeatedly use the same or similar type of story to show the same character in the same sutra, and like to depict the supernat- ural person or amazing story. （3） From the narrative structure, there are two forms, one called gallery- style, another called vine -type. The former runs through the entire Buddhist scripture, the latter is mainly used in the smaller scripture. In short, by different pathways, the above - mentioned three stylistic features had been affecting the generation and development of Chinese classical novels, such as the uses of fiction, su- pernatural narration, and repeated narration, all of which was closely linked with the spread of these narrative works in the Buddhist scriptures.

关 键 词：汉译佛典 叙事类佛经 叙事伦理 叙事风格 叙事结构 中土叙事文学 

分 类 号：I207.99[文学—中国文学]