简化参照作物蒸散量(ET_o)计算公式在青海省高寒区的适用性分析  

Applicability of simplified reference crop evapotranspiration equations in high altitude and cold area of Qinghai Province

作　　者：胡兴波[1] 芦新建[1] 董梅[1] 连利叶 贺康宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]青海省水利水电科学研究所,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第11期201-208,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"抗旱抗寒抗盐植生品种选育"(2012BAC09B0505);水利部948引进国际先进水利科学技术计划项目"植物节水体系研究技术"(201223)

摘　　要：【目的】以Penman-Monteith FAO-56公式为参照,分析Hargreaves、Priestley-Taylor和Makkink 3种简化的参照作物蒸散量(ETo)公式在青海高寒区的适用性。【方法】以青海省5个气候区(湿润、半湿润、半干旱、干旱和极端干旱)11个气象站1984-2011年的旬气象资料计算ETo,建立分析3种简化公式旬ETo与PenmanMonteith FAO-56公式的线性回归方程,并对比其年值的均方根误差率,分析3种简化公式的适用性。【结果】Hargreaves公式在大多数站点都低估了ETo,但在湿润和半湿润区的计算结果较好;Priestley-Taylor公式在多数站点都高估了ETo;Makkink公式在所有站点都低估了ETo,但其旬ETo值的误差最小,其与PMF-56公式的线性回归结果也最好。除极端干旱区外,Priestley-Taylor和Makkink公式计算的ETo与PMF-56公式的年均方根误差率均小于15%。【结论】Hargreaves公式只适用于青海省的湿润和半湿润区,Priestley-Taylor和Makkink公式可以直接用于青海省极端干旱区以外地区ETo的计算。【Objective】Taking Penman-Monteith FAO-56 formula as reference,the applicability of 3 simplified reference crop evapotranspiration （ETo） formulas （Hargreaves,Priestley-Taylor and Makkink） was compared in high altitude and cold area of Qinghai Province.【Method】ETo values were computed using 10-day averaged data at 11 meteorological stations in 5 climate zones （humid,semi-humid,semi-drought,arid and extremely arid） from 1984 to 2011 in Qinghai Province.Applicability of 3 simplified formulas was analyzed by analyzing the linear regression equations using 10-day ETo values and RMSE rates of annual ETo and taking Penman-Monteith FAO-56 values as benchmark.【Result】Hargreaves formula tended to underestimate 10-day ETo values at most stations except in humid and semi-humid climate zones.Priestley-Taylor method tended to overestimated ETo.Makkink model underestimated ETo at all stations but its error of 10-day values was the least and its linear regression with Penman-Monteith FAO-56 equation was the best.Moreover,differences between annual ETo RMSD rates from Priestley-Taylor and Makkink and FAO-56 were less than 15% at all climate zones except extremely arid climate zone.【Conclusion】Hargreaves method can be used in humid and semi-humid climates only,but Priestley-Taylor and Makkink model can be applied to all climate zones except extremely arid climate region in Qinghai Province.

关 键 词：参考作物蒸散 PENMAN-MONTEITH公式 Hargreaves公式 Priestley-Taylor公式 Makkink公式 青海省 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学] P426.22[农业科学—农业基础科学]