考虑调速器的发电机动态状态估计方法  

A Dynamic State Estimation Method Considering Speed Governors

作　　者：毕天姝 陈亮 薛安成 杨奇逊 

机构地区：[1]新能源电力系统国家重点实验室(华北电力大学),北京市昌平区102206

出　　处：《电网技术》2013年第12期3433-3438,共6页Power System Technology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973项目)(2012CB215206);国家自然科学基金项目(50920105705;51222703);高等院校博士学科点专项科研基金(20120036110009)~~

摘　　要：同步相量测量技术已经广泛应用于电力系统动态监控。然而,作为一种量测设备,相量测量单元(phasor measurement unit,PMU)不可避免地存在随机误差与坏数据。如果这些相量量测数据不加以任何处理而直接用于电力系统分析与控制,则有可能导致无法预知的严重后果。针对该问题,提出一种机电暂态过程中考虑发电机调速器的动态状态估计新方法。给出了该方法的总体框架和具体数学模型。在此基础上,进一步提出采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman filter,UKF)算法求解该状态估计模型。将所提出的动态状态估计方法应用于IEEE 9节点系统和某实际大区域电网中的发电机进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明,考虑调速器的发电机动态状态估计精度高于机械转矩恒定的动态状态估计方法。Synchrophasor measurement technology is widely applied in power system dynamic monitoring and control, however, as a measurement device there are random errors and bad data in the measured results by phasor measurement units （PMU） inevitably. If these PMU-measured data are directly applied in the analysis and control of power system without any processing, it may leads to unforeknowable and serious consequences. In allusion to it, a new method for dynamic state estimation, in which the speed governor during electromechanical transient process is considered, is proposed. The overall framework and concrete mathematical model of the proposed method are given, and on this basis it is further put forward to solve the proposed state estimation model by unscented Kalman filter （UKF） algorithm. Applied the proposed dynamic state estimation method to the simulative research on generators in IEEE 9-bus system and generators in a certain actual large-regional power grid. Simulation results show that the accuracy of dynamic generator state estimation, in which the speed governors are considered, is higher than the accuracy of dynamic state estimation based on constant mechanical torque.

关 键 词：动态状态估计 机电暂态 相量测量单元 调速器 无迹卡尔曼滤波 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]