城市新陈代谢研究综述及展望  

Review and prospects of urban metabolism research

作　　者：宋涛[1,2,3] 蔡建明[1] 倪攀 杜姗姗[5] 丁悦[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]哈佛大学 [4]达华工程管理集团有限公司,北京100005 [5]北京联合大学应用文理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2013年第11期1650-1661,共12页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971100);北京联合大学自然科学类新起点计划项目(ZK201201)

摘　　要：城市新陈代谢是城市投入资源、能源、人力,产出产品、服务、废弃物的有机过程。本文从城市新陈代谢的宏观系统模拟、土地要素的新陈代谢响应及微观尺度的新陈代谢测度三大视角进行了系统概述。在此基础上,系统介绍了城市代谢系统的物质流、能量流、净初级生产力的人类占用及社会代谢多尺度综合评估等研究方法。城市新陈代谢投入产出指标体系构建以输入、输出端的量化为主,亦包括生态环境效率、人类福利福祉等具体指标。未来城市新陈代谢的研究应进一步深入研究城市新陈代谢内部物质、能流的交换、转换机制,在城市资源环境预警、可持续发展政策制订和绿色社区规划设计中融入城市新陈的研究理念,构建合理有效的城市新陈代谢指标体系。Urban metabolism is an organic process in cities which output products, services and waste with the input of resources, energy, and human efforts. As a complex open dissipative system, urban system, including en- vironmental resources, economy, and social development, can be modeled with a range of metabolic processes. Such problems as resources and energy shortage, ecological damage to the environment, human life quality drops, and economic overgrowth, may be due to metabolic disorder in regional and urban development. This arti- cle reviewed the progress in the studies of urban metabolism, such as concept perspectives, methods and index system of urban metabolism. Current research field in the urban metabolism can be divided into three parts： mac- ro-regional simulation of urban metabolic systems, metabolic responses of urban land expansions, and mi- cro-scale metabolic measures of communities. As the field of urban metabolism expands, the traditional view of a stationary urban system is giving way to a more dynamic eco-system which includes social and economic fac- ets of the urban systems. Material flow analysis and energy flow analysis are the main research methods. Materi- al flow analysis tracks all of the material, energy and water flows within the urban metabolic systems. Energy flow analysis, especially the Emergy theory, normalizes all products and services tO equivalents of one form of energy that enables all of these resources to be compared on a common basis. These two methods have been used to provide additional information to complement economic theory from the viewpoints of resource, energy, and material inputs and outputs, in order to further inform public policy for urban development and sustainability. In addition, other methods include human appropriation of net primary production （HANPP） and multi-scale inte- grated analysis of societal metabolism （MSIASM）. As far as urban metabolic efficiency indicators are concerned, the core is to measure input-output ratio, involving two major

关 键 词：城市新陈代谢 城市可持续发展 城市地理学 研究综述 

分 类 号：F290[经济管理—国民经济]