挤压对荔枝机械损伤和力学参数的影响  

Effects of extrusion on mechanical damage and mechanical parameters of litchi

作　　者：陈燕[1,2] 向和平[1,2] 谈建豪[1,2] 邹湘军[1,2] 黄国钢[1,2] 李博[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广东广州510642 [2]南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第6期688-692,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171457;51175189);广东省自然科学基金项目(S2011010001933)

摘　　要：为探讨荔枝在机械采摘、贮运中的挤压受损状况,以挤压损伤的可能因素(压缩率、挤压材料、挤压方向和挤压速度)为试验因子,通过加卸载正交试验,研究了挤压对荔枝机械损伤和力学参数的影响。结果表明:对荔枝挤压机械损伤影响显著的因素依次为压缩率、挤压方向、挤压材料和挤压速度。压缩率每增加1%,荔枝的机械损伤度平均增加3.03%;挤压材料为橡胶时,荔枝的机械损伤度最小。影响荔枝弹性度最显著的因素是挤压方向,而对荔枝其余力学参数影响最显著的因素是压缩率;荔枝的弹性度横向大于纵向;压缩率增加,弹性度减少,而其余力学参数增加。荔枝挤压机械损伤与力学参数的关系方程决定系数为0.913,与荔枝挤压机械损伤最相关的力学参数是峰值挤压力和弹性度。In order to investigate the damage rule of litchi by extrusion in harvesting, storing and transporting, we have studied the effects of extrusion conditions on mechanical damage and mechanical parameters of litchi by using the possible factors causing extrusion damage as test factors（including compression ratio, extrusion material, extrusion direction and extrusion speed）, and by loading and unloading orthogonal tests. The results show that the factors which have significant effects on the extrusion mechanical damage of litchi are compression ratio, extrusion direction, extrusion material and extrusion speed in turn. The average ratio of mechanical damage of litchi raised by 3.03% as the compression ratio increased by 1%. When the extrusion material is the rubber, the ratio of mechanical damage of litchi is the lowest. The extrusion direction is the most significant factor for litchi＇s elasticity while compression ratio is the most significant for the other mechanical parameters; and the litchi＇s elasticity in the horizontal direction is greater than in the vertical direction. When the compression ratio increases, the elasticity decreases and the other mechanical parameters raise. The determinant coefficient of the relation equation between the extrusion mechanical damage and the mechanical parameters of litchi is 0.913, and the most rclavant mechanical parameters to the extrusion mechanical damage Of litchi are the peak pressure and elasticity level. The research can provide theory evidences for the derogation design and development of litchi operation equipments.

关 键 词：荔枝 挤压 机械损伤 影响因素 力学参数 

分 类 号：S183[农业科学—农业基础科学]