洱海近50a来沉水植被演替及其主要驱动要素  

Succession of submerged macrophyte communities in relation to environmental change in Lake Erhai over the past 50 years

作　　者：符辉[1,2] 袁桂香[1] 曹特[1] 钟家有[2] 张霄林[1] 过龙根[1] 张萌 倪乐意[1] 王圣瑞[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,东湖湖泊生态系统试验站,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]江西省水利科学研究院,南昌330029 [3]江西省环境保护科学研究院,南昌330029 [4]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2013年第6期854-861,共8页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31300398);国家水体污染与治理科技重大专项项目(2012ZX07105-004;2008ZX02002013)联合资助

摘　　要：依据文献报道的洱海水质、水文(水位)和沉水植被(物种组成、生物量及分布面积)数据,分析了近50年来洱海的水质变化、水位波动情况以及沉水植被的演替过程,探讨了驱动洱海沉水植被演替的主要环境因子.分析表明,洱海沉水植被群落经历了原生、过渡、顶级和衰退等主要阶段;自1980s以来,流域入湖营养盐增加、水质持续下降、藻类生物量逐年升高、沉水植被群落结构简单化和抑藻功能退化等因素是驱动洱海沉水植被演替与分布的原动力,水位大幅波动加速了洱海水生态系统由清水态向浊水态转变,并导致沉水植物大量衰退和某些特有物种消失.因此,在洱海水生态系统的治理以及沉水植被的恢复过程中,应优先考虑降低外源营养盐输入和优化水位调控.Based on the past 50 years data,we made a time-series analysis of the relationships among water quality,hydrology （e.g.,water level fluctuation） and submerged macrophyte succession （e.g.,species composition,biomass and coverage） in Lake Erhai,with the aim to explore the primary driving factors for the succession of submerged macrophyte communities.The results indicated that submerged macrophyte communities had experienced phases as expending,summit and decline.Since the 1980s,the increasing load of external nutrients,deterioration of water quality,heavy algal bloom,simplification of submerged vegetation and decreased grazing pressure of herbival animals had fundamentally impacted on the evolution and distribution of the macrophyte communities in the lake.Meanwhile,the large fluctuation of water levels accelerated the shift from a clear-water state to a turbid one,along with a drastic decline of submerged macrophyte and extinction of some endemic species.Therefore,reducing the external loading of nutrients and a reasonably water level regulation are suggested as priorities for the management and restoration of Lake Erhai ecosystem.

关 键 词：洱海 水位波动 富营养化 沉水植被 演替 

分 类 号：X131.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]