生物避难所及其识别方法评述  

Refugia and their identification methods: A review.

作　　者：胡忠俊[1,2] 张镱锂[1] 刘林山[1] 于海彬[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第12期3397-3406,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271068);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB951704)资助

摘　　要：生物避难所作为生物地理学研究的一个热点,近年来吸引越来越多生物地理学者的关注,研究数量呈现加速增长态势,给生物地理学的研究注入新的活力。当全球经受第四纪冰期的漫长考验时,众多物种由于冰期避难所的保护而得以幸存,并在冰期结束后扩展其分布范围,逐渐形成目前全球生物多样性的分布现状。在应对当前及未来气候变化时,生物避难所会持续扮演保护濒危物种、生物种群及物种多样性的角色,因此有必要了解避难所的生物地理特征、形成原因和过程;理解避难所的概念及其研究意义;探讨避难所的各种识别方法。当前对生物避难所的认识主要是根据欧洲和北美洲第四纪气候明显波动期间生物体亲缘地理学的研究,其他地区(包括中国)的相关研究还处于很低水平,有很大的提升空间。生物避难所增强了生物群在数百万年多变的环境条件下的生存本领,因此识别和保护生物避难所在生态保护中处于优先地位。为寻找生物避难所发展出来的各类方法提高了生物避难所的识别能力,各类方法手段不断整合,有利于人们更好地认识生物避难所本身以及气候变化下其作为生物体及生物多样性安全天堂的能力。As a hotspot in the research of biogeography, refugia have attracted the attention by more and more biogeographic scholars, and the related studies have an accelerated growth trend, adding new vitality to the research of biogeography. After the Earth has withstood the long-stand- ing test by Quaternary Ice Age, numerous species are able to survive because of the protection from glacial refugia, and, after Quaternary Ice Age ended, the refugia have expanded their distri- bution range, leading to the gradual formation of the present distribution status of global biodiver- sity. To respond to the present and future climate change, refugia shall continuously play the roles of protecting the endangered species, biota, and biodiversity. Therefore, it is necessary to know the biogeographic characteristics and formation causes and processes of refugia, understand the concepts and significances of refugia, and approach the methods of identifying refugia. At present, the comprehension of refugia is mainly based on the phylogeographic researches of or- ganisms in Europe and North America during the obvious temperature fluctuation periods of Qua- ternary climate, and the related researches in other regions （including China） are in a very low level, with much room for the improvement. Refugia have already facilitated the survival capacity of biota under the constant changing environmental conditions for millennia, and thus, to identify and protect the refugia should be a priority for ecological conservation. Various methods that pro- gressed for seeking refugia have promoted the identification of refugia in any environment, while the integration of various methods would facilitate the people＇ s comprehension of refugia and the capacity of refugia in serving as the safe haven for organisms and biodiversity under the condition of climate change.

关 键 词：栖息地 古生物学 收缩性 亲缘地理学 物种分布模拟 识别方法 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学]