基于GIS和RUSLE模型的山地环境水土流失空间特征定量分析——以四川泸定县为例  

The Spatial Features of Soil Erosion in Mountain Environment Based on GIS and RUSLE——A Case Study in Sichuan Luding

作　　者：邓辉[1,2] 何政伟[1,2] 陈晔[1,3] 许辉熙[4] 蔡宏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,成都610059 [2]成都理工大学地球物理学院,成都610059 [3]成都理工大学地球科学学院,成都610059 [4]四川建筑职业技术学院测量工程研究所,四川德阳618000

出　　处：《地球与环境》2013年第6期669-679,共11页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40972225)

摘　　要：本文以地处川西高原生态环境脆弱区的泸定县为研究区域，利用GIS技术和水土流失修正方程（RUSLE）相结合的方法定量计算研究区的土壤侵蚀量，根据水土流失强度分级标准，生成水土流失强度分布图。运用GIS空间分析和数理统计方法，分析水土流失在地理空间上的分布特征，揭示区内水土流失地理空间分异规律。研究结果表明：（1）坡度是引起水土流失的重要因子，水土流失主要分布在坡度〉15°的区域，且易于发生极强度和剧烈水土流失。（2）水土流失垂直分带特征明显，海拔1000-1700m的河各地区和海拔大于3500122的山地易于发生水土流失，海拔1700-3500m地区由于林地分布广泛，水土流失分布面积小。（3）水土流失主要发生在人类负向干扰活动比较强烈的旱地、园地、灌木林地、其他林地和裸地，其面积达到区内水土流失总面积的92．73％．The paper takes Luding County which located in western Sichuan plateau ecological environment vulnerable area as research area. The amount of soil erosion in the study area is quantitatively calculated by using GIS technology and USLE equation. The erosion intensity distribution is generated according to the the erosion intensity grading standards. The paper reveals the region out of the soil erosion geospatial distribution law. The paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the geospatial and reveals soil erosion geospatial distribution law by using GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics. The results are showed in the following aspects. （1） The slope facter is an important factor causing soil erosion, erosion is mainly distributed in the slope of ） 15 o area which is easy pole strength and severe soil erosion. （2） The characteristics of soil erosion in the vertical direction is obvious. Valley region which altitude between 1000-1700 m and mountain which altitude greater than 3500m prone to soil erosion. The Strip between 1700--43500 m isless prone to soil erosion because the woodland widely distributed. （3）Soil erosion mainly occurs in human strong negative interference activities areas, such as dry land, garden, shrub land, woodland and bare land . The area is 92.73% of the total soil erosion area.

关 键 词：RUSLE模型 山地环境 水土流失 空间特征 泸定县 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]