不同骨密度下人体脊柱着陆冲击响应的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation on response of human spine with different bone mineral density to landing impact

作　　者：周双珍[1,2] 张雄[1] 马红磊[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2013年第6期591-595,共5页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB832701);国家自然科学基金资助项目(10872107;60971094)

摘　　要：目的用数值模拟方法探讨人体骨密度改变对人体脊柱着陆冲击响应的影响。方法通过人体扫描CT图片构建人体头骨、颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、尾椎、骨盆、韧带的三维物质点模型,并将这些模型固定连接作为人体脊柱模型固定置于利用MPM3D程序构建的长方体椅背物质点模型上,构建人体脊柱着陆冲击模型。在椅背上施加加速度载荷,模拟人体脊柱仰卧于椅背受到着陆冲击载荷的情况。通过改变脊柱骨骼密度及对应骨骼弹性模量模拟计算不同骨密度下人体脊柱的着陆冲击响应。结果正常骨骼密度时,人体脊柱的整体损伤评价γ值为1.589 3;骨密度分别减小2%、4%、6%、8%、10%时,对应人体脊柱的整体损伤评价γ值分别为1.608 6、1.634 7、1.641 0、1.662 5、1.680 5。结论在受到相同的冲击载荷时,人体骨骼密度越小,人体对冲击载荷的响应越大,越容易受伤。Objective To study the effect of bone mineral density （BMD） change on response of human spine to landing impact by numerical simulation. Methods The three-dimensional material point model of human head skull, cervical vertebrae, thoracic, lumbar vertebra, pelvis, ligament and disc was constructed from the computed tomography （CT） scanned images, and they were attached together as a human spine model and placed on the backrest of the chair, which was constructed by the MPM3D program. The acceleration loading was applied on the back rest of the chair to simulate the landing impact loading when the human spine model was laid on the back of the chair. The different responses of human spine to landing impact were simulated by changing the BMD and the corresponding elastic modulus. Results The general risk of injury γ value of normal BMD was 1.589 3, and when the BMD was reduced by 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, respectively, γ values were 1.608 6, 1.634 7, 1.641 0, 1.662 5, 1.680 5, correspondingly. Conclusions Under the same landing impact loading, the smaller the bone mineral density, the larger the response of human spine to landing impact loading, and human body is more vulnerable to injuries.

关 键 词：着陆冲击 骨密度 弹性模量 物质点法 数值模拟 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]