山东省长寿与非长寿地区60岁以上老人膳食模式和营养结构分析  

Analyzing the dietary pattern and trophic structure of the elderly aged over 60 in longevity and non-longevity areas of Shandong Province

作　　者：国凯[1] 段亚波[2] 周成超[1] 刘海杰[1] 尹志娟[1] 高希宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学公共卫生学院,山东济南250012 [2]中华人民共和国卫生部卫生监督中心

出　　处：《中国卫生事业管理》2013年第12期952-955,共4页Chinese Health Service Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"基于社区实践的城乡空巢老人健康综合改进策略研究"(编号:71003067)

摘　　要：目的:探讨长寿地区与非长寿地区60岁以上老人的膳食模式、营养结构特点以及与长寿之间的关系。方法:在2009年到2012年间,选取单县、城阳、乳山和平邑四个山东省长寿之乡的60岁以上老人1095人及非长寿之乡平阴、莒南、梁山三个县的60岁以上老人2106人作为研究对象,用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法对所选研究对象进行膳食调查,用主成分分析的方法从整体上分析长寿地区与非长寿地区人群的膳食模式和营养结构。结果:膳食模式:长寿地区人群第一主成分主要反映以蔬菜水果为主的膳食模式,而非长寿地区人群第一主成分主要反映动物性食物偏重的膳食模式,长寿地区人群对薯类食物较为偏好。营养结构:长寿地区人群第一主成分主要反映以锌和硒为主的营养结构,而非长寿地区人群反映以能量为主的营养结构,其中钠出现较大的变化。结论:长寿地区与非长寿地区60岁以上老人的膳食模式、营养结构存在差异,对膳食营养策略的制定具有一定的指导意义。Objective To investigate the dietary pattern and trophie structure of the elderly aged over 60 in both longevity are- as and non-longevity areas ,and explore the relationship between dietary factors and longevity. Methods From 2009 to 2012,1095 cases of people aged over 60 were sampled from longevity areas of Shan County, Chengyang, Rushan and Pingyi, and 2106 cases of people aged over 60 from non-longevity areas of Pingyin, Junan and Liangshan. Their food intake information was surveyed with 24-hour dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days. And their dietary pattern and trophic structure were analyzed with principal component analysis method. Results According to the first principal component, the dietary pattern in the longevity areas was mainly relied on fruits and vegetables ,while in the non-longevity group, it was mainly on animal food. And the elderly in longevity areas preferred to tubers. The first principal component in the longevity ＇areas reflected that the trophie structure was mainly with zinc and selenium, while in the non-longevity areas, it was mainly with energy, in which the sodium appeared significant change. Conclusion There had differences of dietary pattern and trophic structure of the elderly aged over 60 between longevity areas and non-longevity areas,which had certain instructional significance in formulating dietary strategies.

关 键 词：长寿 主成分分析 膳食模式 营养结构 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]