木薯分子育种中若干基本科学问题的思考与研究进展  

Key Scientific Questions and Recent Advances in Cassava Molecular Breeding

作　　者：张鹏[1,2] 安冬[1] 马秋香[1] 王红霞[1] 王连军[2] 许佳[1] 杨俊[2] 周文智[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所,国家植物基因研究中心(上海),植物分子遗传国家重点实验室,上海200032 [2]上海辰山植物园中国科学院上海辰山植物科学研究中心,上海201602

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2013年第12期1082-1089,共8页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:31271775);国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2010CB126605);国家现代农业产业技术体系(批准号:CARS-12-shzp);上海市绿化和市容管理局专项(批准号:G102410;F132427)资助

摘　　要：木薯作为全球重要的薯类作物,既是热带地区粮食安全的保障,也是重要的淀粉工业原材料,保障其稳产、高产、优质一直是育种家不变的研究主题.当前,木薯品种选育正处在从杂交育种转向分子育种的发展阶段,深入解析木薯特有的经济性状和生物学特点是利用生物技术进行遗传改良的基础.不同于谷物类作物,木薯光合同化物的转运和库源分配的调控机制必有其独特之处;同时,储藏根的"库容"直接影响其产量.作为热带作物,了解木薯对低温和干旱的响应可为改良其抗逆境能力提供理论依据.不同于其他薯类作物,木薯储藏根特有的"采后生理性变质"问题亟待解决,其发生和调控机制的解析对延长木薯货架期意义重大.随着分子生物学的发展,针对上述各方面的研究日益深入,不仅激发了感兴趣的公众对这些问题的认知和思考,也激励了科研人员不断努力寻找解析相关机制的方法,为最终通过分子育种手段改良木薯提供思路和技术方案,揭开木薯的层层"面纱",推动木薯分子育种的发展.As an important root crop, cassava （Manihot esculenta Crantz） is not only vital to food security in tropics and subtropics but also the predominant raw material of the starch industry. Ensuring a high and stable yield with better quality is always the main objective of cassava breeders. Nowadays, cassava breeding faces the transition phase from traditional cross-breeding to genetic engineering. Therefore, it is essential to better understand the specific economic traits and biological features of cassava in order to effectively improve the crop through application of biotechnological tools. Unlike cereal crops, the sink/source regulation of photo-assimilate transport and partitioning in cassava must be unique. Moreover, the sink strength of storage root can directly affect cassava yield. As a tropical crop, increasing our understanding of cassava response to low temperature and drought conditions will provide fundamental knowledge to develop useful approaches in its tolerance to abiotic stresses. Post-harvest physiological deterioration （PPD）, a unique phenomenon of cassava storage roots being different from other tuberous crops that causes huge production losses, need to be prevented by timely controlling the PPD occurrence in order to extend their shelf life. With the development of molecular biology, study on these issues is drawing more attention to the interested public as well as researchers globally. It is believed that cassava molecular breeding will be greatly promoted by the development of novel approaches derived from intensive basic research of cassava.

关 键 词：木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz) 分子育种 遗传改良 生物学问题 基因功能 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]