基于高频补偿方法提高地震资料分辨率的初步研究  

Improving seismic data resolution based on high frequency compensation

作　　者：丁进杰[1] 戴永寿[1] 张亚南[1] 陈健[1] 魏玉琴[1] 张漫漫[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)信息与控制工程学院,东营257061

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2013年第6期3214-3221,共8页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40974072);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2010DM14)联合资助

摘　　要：由于地下介质的吸收衰减作用,地震波在传播的过程中高频衰减,造成地震资料的分辨率下降.高频补偿是提高地震资料分辨率的重要手段.本文总结了目前比较成熟的四种高频补偿方法:谱白化、反Q滤波、多尺度联合分析和时频分析方法,概括分析了这些方法在应用中的优点和不足.其中时频分析方法中的改进广义S变换高频补偿方法通过提取得到的衰减因子对时频振幅谱加权补偿,得到深浅层能量分布相同、频谱范围相同的高分辨率地震资料,由于它采用时窗宽度随频率呈正比例变化的高斯窗函数,满足高频补偿时高频成分具有高分辨率的要求,因此该方法能很好地补偿高频衰减.The loss of high frequency components of seismic wavelet due to absorption and attenuation of stratum results in resolution decrease of seismic data. High frequency compensation is an important way to improve seismic data resolution. This paper summarizes four frequency compensation methods including spectrum whitening, inverse Q filtering, multi-scale joint analysis and time-frequency analysis. These methods have their own advantages and disadvantages through the analysis. The improved generalized S-transform is one kind of time-frequency analysis. It achieves compensation by weighting time-frequency amplitude spectrum with attenuation factors. After compensation, high resolution seismic data with same energy distribution and frequency bands at deep and shallow layer is obtained. The improved generalized S-transform uses a Gaussian window function with variable width proportional to frequency which meets the need that high frequency components have higher frequency resolution, so the method compensates high frequency attenuation satisfactorily.

关 键 词：分辨率 高频衰减 高频补偿 时频分析 改进的广义S变换 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]