张载在宋代理学的地位重探  

Re-research on the Position of Zhang Tsai in Neo-Confucianism of Song Dynasty

作　　者：刘述先[1] 

机构地区：[1]台湾中央研究院中国文哲研究所,台北11529

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2013年第6期1-7,共7页Tangdu Journal

摘　　要：如所周知,宋代理学的道统是由朱熹所建构。从此以后,濂、洛、关、闽之说深入人心。其实周濂溪本无籍籍名,只因为朱子欣赏他的《太极图说》,又因为他在二程年轻时做过他们的家庭教师,于是被尊为宋代理学的开祖,此后并无异议。然而程伊川作《明道行状》,却说他泛滥于诸家,返求诸六经而后得之;明道也说天理二字却是自家体贴出来,可见洛学才是真正的正统。张横渠的情况最为令人困扰,在行辈上是二程的表叔,但门人作行状谓横渠学于二程。虽为伊川所弹正,却已形成先入之见,不易改正。当代又因横渠喜言气,而比附于唯物论,徒增缭绕。一直到牟宗三先生著《心体与性体》,阐明横渠的思想"天道性命相贯通",有超越层面。又指出明道一本之论与伊川理气二元说有重大差别,朱子继承的是伊川的形上学,这才得以正本清源。然还不免重点过分放在心性论而旁置宇宙论,对横渠思想的诠释尚有一间之隔,有待澄清,故有本文之作。It is well - known that the Neo Confucian orthodoxy in Song Dynasty is set up by Chu His. Thus, the school of Lian, Luo, Guan and Min are deeply rooted among the people from then on. Actual- ly, Zhou Dunyi has no born name of Neo - Confucianism, but he was honored as the first person of Neo -Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasty, just because of Chu His＇ appreciating his works of Tai Ji Tu Shuo, and Dunyi had been tutor of Cheng＇s brothers （Ercheng） in their youth and since that, there is no objection. However, when Cheng Dunyi searched on the thought of Yichuan wrote the works of Mingdao Xing Zhuang, he thought that many schools, and returned to the Six Classics of the Confucianism to reach his idea ; Mingdao said that the words of Tian Li was the result that he himself proposed, thus, Luo school is the true orthodox. It is Zhang Hengqu, whose situation is the most troubling, and he is the sec- ond cousin of Ercheng, but his dispels wrote the works of Xing zhuang, and in it, they thought that Hengqu learned from Ercheng. Later, though Yichuan modified it, it had formed the preconceived idea. Because of Hengqu＇s being good at talking about Qi, contemporary people think that his idea is material- ism, thus, increasing trouble in vain. Until Mr. Mou Zong - san writes the works of Xin Ti yu Xing Ti, and illuminates the thought ＂the linking up between Tian Dao and Xing Ming＂ of Hengqu, thinking that it has its transcendent aspects, meanwhile, he thinks that there has important difference between the thought of Mingdao and Yichuan, while Chu His learns from Yichuan, which cares for the theory of mind nature, ignoring the Cosmology. All these comments are to be clarified; therefore, there is my article here.

关 键 词：张载 宋代理学 二程 朱熹 牟宗三 唐君毅 

分 类 号：B244.4[哲学宗教—中国哲学]