PFOS对斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼的生态毒理效应  

Ecotoxicological effects of exposure to PFOS on embryo and larva of zabrafish Danio rerio

作　　者：夏继刚[1,2] 牛翠娟[1] 孙麓垠[1] 

机构地区：[1]生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875 [2]重庆师范大学进化生理与行为学实验室,重庆市动物生物学重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第23期7408-7416,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(40632009);重庆市自然科学基金资助项目(cstc2011jjA20006);重庆市教委科学技术研究资助项目(KJ110606)

摘　　要：全氟辛烷磺酸(Perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)是一种广泛存在于水生生态系统的新型持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants,POPs),其对鱼类健康的影响以及水生生态系统安全的潜在威胁是当前人们高度关注的水环境问题。为探究PFOS对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎及仔鱼的生态毒理效应,研究了不同浓度(0,0.1,1,10 mg/L)PFOS暴露对斑马鱼胚胎孵化率、仔鱼畸形率与死亡率、仔鱼心率、仔鱼运动行为以及生长的影响。结果表明:PFOS暴露对斑马鱼胚胎孵化率、孵出仔鱼死亡率与畸形率的影响显著(P﹤0.05),10 mg/L PFOS暴露导致胚胎孵化率下降,孵化延迟,仔鱼死亡率与畸形率升高;PFOS暴露4 dpf(day post-fertilization,dpf)或8 dpf对斑马鱼仔鱼心率影响显著(P﹤0.05),心率随PFOS暴露浓度升高而增加;PFOS暴露6 dpf或9 dpf对斑马鱼仔鱼的运动行为影响显著(P﹤0.05),10 mg/L PFOS暴露6 dpf导致运动斑马鱼仔鱼比例和仔鱼最大持续运动距离增加(P﹤0.05),PFOS暴露9 dpf,单位时间内仔鱼的运动距离、停顿频率、平均每次运动距离随PFOS暴露浓度升高而减少(P﹤0.05),最大持续运动距离随PFOS暴露浓度升高而增加(P﹤0.05),呈剂量依赖的毒理学效应;PFOS暴露导致斑马鱼仔鱼体长和吻宽下降(P﹤0.05)或有下降的趋势,并对吻宽/体长、吻宽/头长影响显著(P﹤0.05)。以上研究结果提示:PFOS对斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼具有显著的发育与行为毒性,仔鱼心率、运动行为、吻宽/体长以及吻宽/头长等是评估水体PFOS污染敏感而有效的生物标志物。Perfluorinated compounds （PFCs） are a family of fluorine-containing chemicals with unique properties to make materials stain, oil, and water resistant, and are widely used in diverse applications. As one of the most used anthropogenic PFCs, perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） has been received much attention in recent years. It is a new kind of persistent organic pollutants （POPs） , which have been found to be accumulated and biomagnified ubiquitously through food chain all over the world. PFOS poses serious risks to the health of many aquatic organisms and the safety of aquatic ecosystem. The potential toxicity of PFOS is of increasingly ecological concern. In the present study, the ecotoxicologieal effects of PFOS exposure on embryo and larva of zabrafish Danio rerio were examined to evaluate the possible hazard of this pollutant todevelopment and behavior of fish and to pursue a potential biomarker of PFOS contamination. Embryos of zebrafish were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L PFOS in 4 hour-post-fertilization （hpf）. Mortality, deformation rate, heart rate, locomotor performance and growth of zebrafish larvae, and hatching rate of zebrafish embryos were investigated. Proportion of motile individual, motion distance, pause frequency, average distance of each movement and maximum distance of continuous locomotion were used to quantify the locomotor performance of zebrafish larvae. PFOS exposure showed remarkable effects on hatching rate, mortality and deformation rate of zebrafish （P 〈 0.05 ）. Hatching delayed and cumulative hatching rate decreased significantly after the embryos were exposed to 10 mg/L PFOS （P 〈 0.05 ）. The cumulative mortality and deformation rate of zebrafish larvae at 6 day-post-fertilization （dpf） upon exposure to 10 mg/L PFOS increased significantly （P 〈 0.05 ）. Heart rate of zebrafish larvae at 4 dpf and 8 dpf was significantly affected by PFOS exposure （P 〈 0.05） and increased with enhanced PFOS concentration. PFOS exposure imposed marked influe

关 键 词：PFOS 斑马鱼 仔鱼 运动表现 生长 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]