浒苔干粉末提取物对东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻的克生作用  

Allelopathic effects of extracts from Ulva prolifera powders on the growth of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum

作　　者：韩秀荣[1,2] 高嵩[1,2] 侯俊妮[1,2] 李鸿妹[1,2] 石晓勇[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学化学化工学院,青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [3]国家海洋局减灾中心,北京100194

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第23期7417-7429,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)资助项目(2010CB428701)

摘　　要：研究不同溶剂的浒苔干粉末组织提取液对两种赤潮藻———东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻生长的克生效应。结果表明,浒苔提取物中确实含有可以影响赤潮藻类生长的克生物质,克生作用具有较明显的浓度效应,低浓度时可能会表现为一定的促进生长的作用,浓度较高时表现为抑制作用,添加浓度越大,抑制作用越强,即"低促高抑"的特点,这与浒苔提取物对其他微藻的作用相似。其中,蒸馏水提取物对这两种赤潮藻的克生作用小于有机溶剂提取物,有机溶剂中,甲醇和乙酸乙酯提取物对这两种赤潮藻的克生效果最好,正己烷相对较差。根据相似相溶原理,可以初步推断最有效的克生物质应为具有相对较高的极性的有机物。两种赤潮藻对克生物质的敏感程度不同。东海原甲藻对克生物质的敏感性高于中肋骨条藻。蒸馏水、甲醇、乙酸乙酯、正己烷的浒苔干粉末提取物影响东海原甲藻生长的致死作用阈值浓度分别为5.00、0.50、0.50、0.63 g/L(相当于浒苔新鲜藻体浓度为22.00、2.20、2.20、2.75 g湿重/L);影响中肋骨条藻生长的致死作用阈值浓度则分别为20.00、1.25、1.25、2.50 g/L(相当于新鲜藻体浓度为88.00、5.50、5.50、11.00 g湿重/L)。Harmful algal blooms of the coastal Prorocentrum donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum have been the focus of many studies, primarily due to the devastating effects this alga has had on the aquaculture industry. Prorocentrum donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum are widely distributed in the world. Prorocentrum donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum have caused great economic loss in many countries. Allelopathy is a prevalent natural phenomenon in aquatic ecosystems. The phenomenon of a large number of marine macroalgal proliferation is called ＇ Green Tide＇. Generally, green tide occurs in spring or summer and end in summer when temperature is high, but sometimes extended to the fall. In recent years, frequency and biomass of green tide are rising totally, it has become a major concern of the international community to marine environmental problems and ecological disasters. Green tide occurs in the south Yellow Sea of China from 2008 to 2012, which bring about significant losses to coastal fisheries, aquaculture and tourism, causing significant impact on thenatural landscape too. In recently years, Ulva prolifera is the primary peacebreaker algae of green tide. At present, Ulva prolifera has been researched more, but mostly focus on ecological characteristics of Ulva prolifera, algae composition and Ulva competion with microalgae, less focus on the influence of Ulva prolifera on water-quality. This paper studies the allelopathic effects of the macroalga Ulva prolifera on the microalga Prorocentrum donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum, in order to provide some theoretical proof for biological control of harmful algae blooms. Allelopathic effects of different solvent extracts of Ulva prolifera dry powder on the harmful algae （Prorocentrum donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum） were studied in laboratory. The results showed that growth inhibitory effects by different concentrations of distilled water extracts and three organic solvent （ methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane） extracts from Ulva prolifera dry

关 键 词：浒苔 克生作用 东海原甲藻 中肋骨条藻 生长抑制作用 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]