不同排放源周边大气环境中NH_3浓度动态  

Dynamics of atmospheric ammonia concentrations near different emission sources

作　　者：刘杰云[1,2] 况福虹[3] 唐傲寒[1] 沈健林[2] 王国安[1] 孟令敏[1] 刘学军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125 [3]山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第23期7537-7544,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41071151)(40901144)

摘　　要：2010年4月—2011年3月利用ALPHA被动采样器,研究了北京市不同排放源附近NH3浓度的时空变异及其在大气环境保护中的启示。结果表明:大气中NH3的年均浓度可以分为3个层次,以养殖场猪舍内(2479μg/m3)和垃圾填埋场的原水调节池(2801μg/m3)浓度最高;其次为养殖场粪水池边(205μg/m3)和垃圾填埋场厌氧换热工房(198μg/m3),而交通源附近的公路边(15.2μg/m3)、垃圾填埋场办公区(11.1μg/m3)和远郊农田(7.8μg/m3)浓度相对最低。受垃圾组成,温度及降水的影响,垃圾填埋场原水调节池的NH3浓度变化较大,最高浓度(137μg/m3)和最低浓度(6581μg/m3)相差达47倍以上。养殖场猪舍内NH3浓度受温度及窗户开闭的影响,表现出冬季高,夏季低的变化趋势,而猪舍外粪池边则相反。交通源附近由于受高浓度的颗粒物含量和温度影响,NH3浓度表现出夏季高、冬季低的变化规律。农田受施肥和温度的影响,也表现出夏季高、冬季低的季节变化。从大气浓度推断,单位面积猪舍和填埋场原水调节池NH3排放量远高于施肥农田,均为NH3的重要排放源。另外,交通源附近(公路边)的NH3浓度几乎为远郊农田的两倍,提醒人们在关注机动车尾气造成NO x污染的同时,也应重视其NH3排放所致的大气污染,后者与机动车普遍安装的尾气后处理装置(三元催化器)有关。Ammonia （NH3 ） is an important alkaline gas and precursor of secondary aerosols or fine particulate matter （such as PM2.5 ） in the atmosphere. NH3 is mainly from agricultural sources （ammonium based N fertilizers and livestock wastes）. However, the contribution of urban and industrial sources to atmospheric NH3 has become an environmental concern with accelerated urbanization and industrialization in China. Therefore this paper studied the spatial-temporal variability of NH3 and its applications in environmental protection at different sites near various emission sources in Beijing using ALPHA passive samplers during April 2010 and march 2011. The annual mean NH3 concentration can be classified to three levels, the highest NH3 concentrations were found at fatting house at a swine farm site （2379 μg/m3） and a waste water pool at a refuge landfill site （2801μg/m3）. The second high concentrations occurred at a manure pit nearby a swinefarm site （205 μg/m3 ） and anaerobic heat workshop of refuge landfill site （ 198 μg/m3）. The lowest NH3 concentrations were observed at the avenue beside the gate of China Agricultural University （ 15.2μg/m3）, working area of refuge landfill site （11.1 μg/m3） and cropland at Shangzhuang site （7.8 μg/m3）. Due to garbage components, temperature and precipitation, the NH3 concentrations near raw water pool of refuge landfill varied at very large scope （137--6581μg/m3） during the sampling period. As affected by the open and close of the window, the concentrations of fattening house of swine farm were highest in winter, and lowest in summer, which was opposite to the variation at manure pit. The NH3 concentrations were highest at in summer, and lowest in winter, which may be ascribed to the high concentration of particulate matter （PM2.5） near traffic source, and high NH3 volatilization with high temperature in summer. Due to the fertilization mode and change of air temperature, the NH3 concentrations on the farmland revealed the same

关 键 词：NH3养殖场 垃圾填埋场 交通源 农田 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]