考虑燃料消耗率的车辆路径问题模型与求解  

New capacity-vehicle-routing-problem model and algorithm for reducing fuel consumption

作　　者：吴丽荣[1] 胡祥培[1] 饶卫振[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学系统工程研究所,辽宁大连116024 [2]山东科技大学经济管理学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《系统工程学报》2013年第6期804-811,共8页Journal of Systems Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71272093);国家青年科学基金资助项目(71201014);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(DUT12JR09)

摘　　要：车辆能量消耗不仅受到行驶距离的影响,还会受车辆载重量和车辆速度的影响.从节能低碳角度考虑,通过对带容量限制的物流配送车辆路径问题(capacitated vehicle routing problem,CVRP)的扩展,建立了以最小化燃料消耗为优化目标的CVRP模型(fuel-consumption-minimizing capacitated vehicle routing problem,FCM-CVRP);通过对比分析CVRP和FCM-CVRP的解空间以及求解复杂度发现,FCM-CVRP较CVRP更加难以求解;基于FCM-CVRP可行解的燃料消耗量值和车辆路径长度值之间的高度正相关关系,提出了求解FCM-CVRP的两阶段算法;并运用Benchmark算例验证了模型和求解算法的有效性.数据结果表明:与传统的CVRP相比,FCM-CVRP能够有效降低燃料消耗量,并在此基础上对物流配送公司提出管理上的相关建议.The amount of vehicle fuel consumption not only depends on the distance, but also on its load and speed. This paper presents the fuel consumption minimizing capacitated vehicle routing problem （FCM- CVRP） model, an extension of the classical capacitated vehicle routing problem （CVRP） with a broader and more comprehensive objective function. The objective of FCM-CVRP is to minimize fuel consumption. FCM- CVRP is more complicated to solve than CVRP due to the larger solution space size. A two-phrase algorithm to solve FCM-CVRP is proposed based on the positive correlation between the fuel consumption of vehicles and distance covered by vehicles. Computational experiments are performed on Benchmark instances. The results suggest that, contrast to the CVRP, FCM-CVRP has the potential of yielding savings in fuel consumption, and in the conclusion, managerial implications are summarized.

关 键 词：燃料消耗率 车辆路径问题 物流配送 能量消耗 

分 类 号：N945[自然科学总论—系统科学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]