第二语言阅读困难:语言一般性缺陷与特异性缺陷  

Second Language Reading Difficulties: General Language Deficits or Specific Deficits?

作　　者：杨振[1] 明苗 陶沙[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2013年第12期70-78,共9页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"汉语儿童英语单词解码学习困难相关语言认知技能的特点"(项目批准号:30970908)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：第二语言阅读困难是指在第二语言的字词解码、阅读理解上存在显著的发展延后或缺失。已有研究中以语言编码差异假说(LCDH)为代表,认为第二语言阅读困难实际源于个体的母语技能缺陷。然而母语与第二语言的阅读存在双重分离的个案研究及近期认知神经机制研究则表明,第二语言阅读困难可能存在特异性的认知缺陷。这可能源于两方面:一是受到特定语言文字系统在形-音-义表征和联系特征的影响,母语和第二语言阅读的核心认知神经机制可能存在差异;二是第二语言阅读习得需要发展如语言控制等特殊的认知技能。未来研究应聚焦研究母语和第二语言阅读成就分离群体,重视第二语言阅读中正字法、字形-语音整合、口语词汇等技能的作用,关注教育环境因素在第二语言阅读个体差异塑造中的作用,并通过开展纵向和训练研究认识第二语言阅读的内在机制,提出改善第二语言阅读困难的科学原理和策略。Second language reading difficulties indicate the significant development delay or absence in a sec- and language decoding and reading comprehension. According to a typical theory in the present research, the Language Coding Difference Hypothesis （LCDH）, second language reading difficulties stem from deficiencies in native language reading skills. However, a case study of the double dissociation of native language and second language, and the recent study of cognitive neural mechanisms, show that second language reading difficulties possibly involve specific deficits in cognition. This is likely to stem from two aspects： first, affected by the or- thography, phonology, and semantics of a specific language system and their connections, there is possibly differ- ence in the core cognitive mechanisms of native language and second language reading; second, second language reading requires special cognitive skills, such as language control. The future research is supposed to focus on the dissociation of native language and second language reading, emphasize the integration of orthography, phonolo- gy, and semantics in second language reading, and oral vocabulary, heed the role of the educational environment in the shaping of individual difference in second language reading, and propose scientific principles and strategies involving the correction of second language reading difficulties.

关 键 词：第二语言阅读困难 语言一般性缺陷 特异性缺陷 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]