儿童对能力和热情特质的认识  

Children's Ability to Discriminate Competence Traits with Warmth Traits

作　　者：王美芳[1] 杨峰[1] 杨云云[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250014 [2]山东警察学院,济南250014

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2013年第6期897-900,878,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(312711040);山东省"十二五"高校特色重点学科(发展与教育心理学)资助:

摘　　要：目的:考察儿童对能力和热情特质的区分性认识及儿童社会认知中是否存在热情优先现象。方法:以4岁、7岁和10岁三个年龄组的共112名儿童为被试,采用个别测查法,要求儿童自由选择班内同伴作为学业比赛组员和游戏伙伴,并且要求儿童对其选择作出解释。结果:4岁组儿童已能对能力和热情特质作出区分,依据能力特质的评价选择学业比赛组员,依据热情特质的评价选择游戏伙伴,并且随着年龄增长,儿童对愿意与不愿意选为学业比赛组员(游戏伙伴)的同伴的能力(热情评价)差异越来越大。4岁的儿童已经能够以热情特质相关的信息解释对游戏伙伴的选择,但尚不能主要以学业能力相关的信息解释对学业比赛组员的选择;其他各年龄组儿童均能主要以领域相关的知识对其选择作出解释。结论:4岁儿童已经能够对能力和热情特质作出区分,并且儿童对热情特质的认识早于对能力特质的认识,即儿童社会认知中存在着热情优先现象。Objective： To explore children＇s ability to discriminate competence with warmth trait and to examine the hy- pothesis that warmth dimension develops as a priority in children＇ s social cognition. Methods： Adopting individual inter- view method, 112 children from three age groups（4, 7, 10） were asked to choose their academic competitors and game part- ners freely, then they were asked to interpret their choices. Results： Children at 4 years old had been able to discriminate competence traits and warmth traits： They were more likely to choose academic competitors on the basis of their competence evaluations,, and to choose the game partners based on their warmth evaluations. Moreover, with the growth of children, the differences of competence（warmth） evaluations were becoming evident. At 4 years old group, children had been able to inter- pret their choices of game partners according to knowledge relevant to warmth dimension, but they couldn ＇ t interpret their choices of academic competitors by using knowledge relevant to competence dimension. The children in each group except the 4 years old could interpret their choices according to relevant domain knowledge. Conclusion： Children at 4 years old have developed the ability to discriminate competence trait with warmth trait, and the time of the warmth traits development was earlier than the competence traits. In other words, warmth traits may be preceded in children＇ s development of social cognition.

关 键 词：能力 热情 儿童 社会认知 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学]