不同畦宽灌溉对土壤水分布与冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量影响  

Effects of Irrigation with Different Border Width on Distribution of Soil Water,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：马尚宇[1] 于振文[1] 王东[1] 石玉[1] 张永丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第6期140-146,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171498);国家自然科学基金(31271660)

摘　　要：于2010-2012年小麦生长季,以济麦22小麦品种为材料,设置1.5m(W15)、2.0m(W20)和2.5m(W25)3个畦宽处理,各处理畦长均为80m,研究不同畦宽灌溉对土壤水分布与冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明:畦宽2.0m处理可使灌溉水在畦田内较均匀分布,相比其他畦宽处理,促进了畦田中段和后端的小麦对60-180cm土层土壤水的吸收利用,小麦旗叶水势、光合速率和瞬时水分利用效率在灌浆中后期保持较高水平,籽粒产量显著增加,整畦平均籽粒产量和水分利用效率显著高于畦宽1.5m和2.5m处理。畦宽1.5m处理灌溉水在畦田首端上部土层分布较少,而在尾端上部土层分布较多,畦内各位点小麦旗叶光合速率在开花后均显著降低,籽粒产量减少,成熟期畦田前半段0-60cm土层土壤水残留较多,水分利用效率降低;畦宽2.5m处理灌溉水在畦田首端上部土层分布较多,在畦田后端上部土层分布较少,导致其后端小麦开花后旗叶水势、光合速率和籽粒产量均显著降低,成熟期畦田后半段上部土层土壤水残留较多,整畦平均籽粒产量和水分利用效率均显著降低。A two-year field experiment was conducted in Yanzhou of Shandong province from autumn of 2010 to summer of 2012, with the high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as test material to examine the effects of irrigation with different border width on distribution of soil water, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat. Three border irrigation treatments were designed, their border width were 1.5 m （W15）, 2.0 m （W20） and 2.5 m （W25）, respectively. The results showed that after irrigation at jointing, the soil water distributed more uniformly within the border of the 2.0 m border width treatment than that within other treatments. More soil water in 60--180 cm soil layers was absorbed by the wheat in the middle and backend of the field border in 2.0 m border width treatment than that in other treatments. During the mid and late grain filling stage, the water potential, photosynthetic rate, instantaneous water use efficiency of flag leaf and grain yield of 2.0 m border width treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The average grain yield and water use efficiency of the 2.0 m border width treatment were dra- matically higher than those of 1.5 m or 2.5 m border width treatment. In 1.5 m border width treatment, less soil water distributed in the upper soil layers of the front of the border but more distributed in the upper soil layers of the backend of the border, the photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and grain yield in each subplot were lower than those of the 2.0 m border width treatment, and more soil water was reminded in 0--60 cm soil layers of the first half part of the field border at maturity, the water use efficiency decreased significantly. In 2.5 m border width treatment, more soil water distributed in the upper soil layers of the front of the border but less distributed in the upper soil layers of the backend of the border, the water potential, photosynthetic rate of flag leaf after anthesis and the grain yield of the wheat in the backend of the border

关 键 词：冬小麦 畦宽 灌溉 土壤水 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512.1[农业科学—农业工程]