西医传入对中医脏腑学说演变的影响  

Influences of the introduction of western medicine on the evolution of concept of viscera - bowels theory

作　　者：向延卫[1] 李文伟[2] 黄建华[3] 朱敏[4] 刘毅[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学,上海201203 [2]复旦大学附属中山医院中西医结合科,上海200032 [3]复旦大学附属华山医院中西医结合研究所,上海200040 [4]复旦大学附属华山医院神经病学研究所

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2013年第6期351-355,共5页Chinese Journal of Medical History

基　　金：基金项目：上海市科学技术协会学科发展研究项目（201100248017-50006）

摘　　要：脏腑是中医理论体系的核心概念之一。以历史语境分析，明末清初以前，中国人所讲的五脏六腑，应当是解剖学意义的脏器。明末清初以后，西方医学开始传人中国，中西医学的碰撞累积到20世纪初，触发了影响深远的中西医大论争。在这种特定背景下，恽铁樵明确提出中医脏腑不是解剖学的脏腑，而是以“四时”气化为特征的理论模型，成为以功能单位阐释中医五脏六腑实质的开端，推动了近代中医理论体系的演变。准确把握人们对中医脏腑概念的认识历史及西方学说传人后人们的认识演变历程，将有助于明确中医脏腑现代研究的意涵和发展方向。Viscera - bowels theory is one of the key parts of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The concept of viscera -bowels in TCM at the turn of the Ming- Qing Dynasties must have anatomical significance in western medical context. By then, western medicine began its dissemi- nation into China with the conflict between it and TCM, which gradually increased, and eventually triggering the major debate between them in early 20th century. Under this background, Yun Tie - qiao definitely pointed out that TCM viscera - bowels was different from western anatomical visceral organs ; rather, it was a theoretical model characterized by seasonal qi transformation. Thus, it became the beginning of the nature of five viscera - six bowels interpreted by TCM functional unit and pushing the development of modem TCM theoretical system. Hence, the correct handling of history of its evolutionary process from the TCM recogni- tion on viscera - bowels to the western visceral idea is helpful to the orientation and its total implication in TCM viscera- bowels and its research.

关 键 词：脏腑学说 西医解剖学 中西医比较 

分 类 号：R223.1[医药卫生—中医基础理论]