环首都圈霾和雾的长期变化特征与典型个例的近地层输送条件  

The long-term trend of haze and fog days and the surface layer transport conditions under haze weather in North China

作　　者：吴兑[1,2,3] 廖碧婷 吴蒙[3] 陈慧忠[1] 王迎春[2] 廖晓农[5] 古月[5] 张小玲[2] 赵秀娟[2] 权建农[6] 刘伟东[7] 孟金平[7] 孙丹[7] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所,广州510080 [2]中国气象局北京城市气象研究所,北京100089 [3]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510275 [4]广州市萝岗区气象局,广州510530 [5]北京市气象台,北京100089 [6]北京市人工影响天气办公室,北京100089 [7]北京市气象局,北京100089

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2014年第1期1-11,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(No.2011CB403403)~~

摘　　要：为了研究环首都圈京津冀晋4省市霾和雾的长期变化特征与典型个例的近地层输送条件，使用京津冀晋长期气象资料和高分辨率自动气象站资料，分析了环首都圈霾和雾天气的长期变化趋势，与使用矢量和算法分析典型个例气流停滞区的形成过程.结果表明，在1950—1960年代，环首都圈京津冀晋4省市霾日非常少，1970年代开始增多，1980年代以后明显增多，并形成几个霾日集中区，比较明显的是邯郸-邢台-石家庄-保定-北京-天津的带状分布，还有太原及以南的带状分布，最为严重的情况出现在1996—2000年，2000年以后有一定减少.北京1950年代霾日比较多，最多达到1年有160 d以上霾日，与同期沙尘天气偏多相关联，随着在首都周边地区的大规模植树造林，到1967年，霾日已经减少到1年不足10 d，1970年代以后北京的能见度急剧恶化导致霾日迅速增加，到1980年代初增加到220 d以上，一直到1999年前后北京的霾日维持在每年160-200 d左右；2000年以后到北京奥运会前后，霾日持续下降，到2010年霾日仅有56 d，2012年有所反弹，增加到91 d.北京及华北地区霾日季节分布突出的特点是除去采暖季有较多的霾日外，在盛夏季节霾日也明显多，集中出现在6—9月，尤其是盛夏季节的7—8月，与所谓的桑拿天同期出现，这与全国大部分城市的变化趋势完全不同.霾过程的发生和矢量和的大小存在较为明显的正相关关系.霾过程中，在华北平原均出现明显的气流停滞区，区域矢量和很小，不利于空气中污染物的水平扩散；清洁过程时华北4省市尤其是北京地区受明显的西北气流影响，风矢量和为较一致的偏北方向，水平扩散条件较好，较利于污染物的扩散，对应同期能见度较高.京津冀西侧、北侧靠山、东邻渤海，尤其是北京小平原三面环山.太行山、燕山和军都山形成的�Based on the meteorological data and high-resolution automatic weather station data from 1950 to 2012, the long-term trend of haze and fog days and the surface layer transport conditions under haze weather in North China, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi and Hebei, were characterized by using Vector Sum Technique. Results showed that the haze days were limited in the 1950s and 1960s, began to increase in the 1970s, and increased significantly after 1980s. A number of zones with severe haze occurrences were developed, represented by Handan-Xingtai-Shijiazhuang-Baoding-Beijing-Tianjin zone and the one from Taiyuan extending to the south. The number of haze days peaked in 1996—2000. The number of haze days was high in Beijing in the 1950s, with more than 160 days in the most serious year, mostly associated with dust storms. As a consequence of large-scale afforestation in its surrounding area, the haze days of Beijing dived to less than 10 per year from 1967. From the 1970s, the visibility of Beijing deteriorated sharply, with the number of haze days rose over 220 in the early 1980s, and maintained about 160-200 days per year until 1999. From 2000 to 2008, the haze days of Beijing began to decline. There were only 56 days in 2010, while rebounded to 91 days in 2012. Apart from the heating season, haze days also occurred frequently from June to September, especially from July to August. This seasonal characteristic was completely different from other parts of the country. Analysis using Vector Sum Technique showed that there was obvious positive correlation between regional haze process and the value of the vector sum. During the haze process, a significant airflow stagnation area was formed in the North China Plain, with a small value of regional vector sum that was not conducive to pollutant dispersion in the air. On the contrary, during the cleaning process, the prevailing wind was northwesterly, and vector sum was consistently northerly. This indicated that the horizontal diffusion conditions were conducive t

关 键 词：环首都圈 霾和雾 长期变化 矢量和 气流停滞区 近地层输送 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]