保水剂性能及其农用安全性评价研究进展  

Characterization and Soil Environmental Safety Assessment of Super Absorbent Polymers in Agricultural Application

作　　者：李希[1,2,3] 刘玉荣[1] 郑袁明[1] 贺纪正[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所业热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125

出　　处：《环境科学》2014年第1期394-400,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071163);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目

摘　　要：保水剂能够吸收其自身体积和重量数倍的水分从而增加土壤含水率、改善土壤团粒结构、提高肥料利用效率,促进农作物生长,在节水农业生产等方面具有广泛的潜在应用价值.本文介绍了国内外保水剂的种类、性能、在农业中的应用等方面的最新研究进展,评述了保水剂对土壤的物理性质、作物生长的影响,并指出其中存在的问题.鉴于保水剂使用不当对土壤环境曾造成危害,因此本文提出在保水剂的应用环节中,在注重其保水性能的同时,还应借鉴化学品环境安全评价的方法,系统评估保水剂的使用对土壤生态可能造成的影响,特别是对土壤微生物生态的影响,避免盲目投入造成的土壤板结、土壤肥力下降等不利影响,填补保水剂对环境影响研究的空白.Super absorbent polymers （SAPs） are compounds that can absorb a lot of water which can be several folds of their original size and weight. They can increase soil water content and aggregates, promote fertilizer utilization efficiency, and stimulate crop growth. Therefore, SAPs have been widely regarded as a potential agent for water-saving agriculture. In this paper, we reviewed the advances of SAPs in materials, properties and applications in agriculture and pointed out that the absence of influences of SAPs on soil mierobial ecology was the main issue in current studies. In regard to the adverse effects on soil environment caused by misuse of SAPs, we should address the systematic safety assessment of SAPs application in the soil, especially the effects on the soil microorganisms, which should be an important part of chemicals risk assessment in the soil application.

关 键 词：保水剂 环境安全性 农业 土壤 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]