以实践为中心的人体解剖学教学改革  

Reforming the practice teaching of human anatomy

作　　者：任振华[1] 徐金勇[1] 朱有余[1] 李光武[1] 徐胜春[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学临床医学院人体解剖学教研室,合肥230032

出　　处：《中华医学教育探索杂志》2013年第11期1118-1121,共4页Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research

摘　　要：目的探索系统解剖学和局部解剖学实践教学效果。方法随机选择临床医学5年制的3个班（93人）作为人体解剖学教学实验班，同年级同专业另外3个班（90人）作为对照班，实施传统教学。调整实验班的教学内容和增加实践教学时间比例．系统解剖学实践教学由教师主导教学进程，制定实验课主题及要求，学生分工协作完成实验。局部解剖学实践教学内容与相关的外科手术结合，教师指导学生完成操作。对照班教学采用学生自己观察和教师答疑、辅导的形式。理论考试和标本考核（实验考核）进行单因素方差分析。结果实验班的系统解剖学和局部解剖学的实验成绩均优于对照班[（80．7±5．8）VS．（67．4±17．4），（85．1±4．6）VS．（62．6±12．4）]；系统解剖学理论成绩也优于对照班；差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。局部解剖学理论考试成绩2组差异无统计学意义。结论以实践为中心的教学，能增强学生学习兴趣，提高人体解剖学实践教学效果。同时，应该进一步采取丰富教师临床专业知识、加强学生动手能力和增加课程教学总学时来推动解剖学教学改革。Objective To explore the practice teaching model of human anatomy through re- forming the practice teaching of system anatomy and regional anatomy. Methods Three classes of clinical medicine （5-year program） were randomly selected as reform experimental classes and the other 3 classes of the same grade were used as control classes. The teaching content of practice teach- ing was reformed in the experimental classes. In the system anatomy practice teaching, the teacher controlled the teaching process and developed the theme and requirements of each experimental class while the student completed the experiment developed by the teacher. In the regional anatomy practice teaching, students＇ interest in learning was stimulated by the content, which was related with the surgery, and the teacher guided students to complete the operation. In control classes, the forms of student observation as well as teacher answering questions and helping students were adopted. The student grading was divided into theoretical knowledge examination and specimen assessment and the achievement was analyzed by using a Simple Analysis of Variance （ANOVA） in SPSS 16.0. Results Compared with those of control classes, the scores of system anatomy and regional anatomy in experi- mental classes were significantly increased （80.7 ± 5.8） vs. （67.4 ± 17.4）, （85.1 ±4.6） vs. （62.6 ±12.4） and the theoretical scores of system anatomy were also improved significantly. But no significant difference in theoretical scores of regional anatomy was observed. Conclusions The teaching mode based on the practice teaching highlights the academic characteristics of the human anatomy, increas- es students＇ interest in learning and improves the effectiveness of practice teaching in human anatomy.

关 键 词：人体解剖学 实践教学 教学改革 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]