山东省桓台县盲与低视力状况调查  

Investigation of blindness and low vision status in Huantai Shandong Province

作　　者：张艳玲[1] 肖兴爽 李曦[1] 巩梅华 

机构地区：[1]山东省淄博市桓台县人民医院眼科,淄博256400

出　　处：《滨州医学院学报》2013年第6期421-423,共3页Journal of Binzhou Medical University

摘　　要：目的调查2009年7月—2013年4月期间桓台县进行视力残疾重新鉴定的残疾人的等级分布、主要致残原因及性别差异,为地区防盲、治盲提供资料和依据。方法收集2009年7月—2013年4月期间桓台县进行视力残疾重新鉴定并明确诊断的视残患者560例。记录患者的眼部情况,根据第二次全国残疾人抽样调查视力残废分级标准,对患者进行分级并明确致残原因。不同致残原因所致盲和低视力频数分布的差异进行χ2检验。结果男性299名和女性261名,性别没有明显差异。560名视残患者中盲442例(78.93%),其中一级372例(66.43%),二级70例(12.50%);低视力118例(21.07%),其中三级50例(8.93%),四级68例(12.14%)。白内障22例(3.93%),其中盲4.1%,低视力3.4%。盲与低视力主要致病原因的构成不完全相同(χ2=32.79,P<0.01)。致盲病因主要为遗传、先天异常或发育障碍(29.4%)、视网膜、色素膜病变(23.5%),而致低视力病因主要为视网膜、色素膜病变(32.4%)、遗传、先天异常或发育障碍(23.7%)。结论桓台县2009年7月—2013年4月期间确定的视力残疾中盲患者明显多于低视力患者,遗传、先天异常或发育障碍以及视网膜、色素膜病变分别是致盲和低视力的首要原因,其中白内障所占比率已明显下降。Objective To investigate the status and the leading causes and the gender differences of visual disability in patients i -dentified in huantai county during July 2009-April 2013.Better allocation of services and resources is urgently needed .Attention should be given to the rehabilitation of visual disability and great effort should be made to prevent uncorrected visual impairment .Methods In an investigative study in huantai county ,a total of 560 patients with visual disability were enrolled from July 2009 to April 2013.Person-al statistics,visual function examination results and main etiology diagnoses were recorded .The grading was confirmed according to the 2 nd National Sample Survey of Disability .A chi· square test was used to investigate the different leading causes .Results Men and women as the total number of disabled patients had no obvious difference .Among the 560 patients,442（78.93%） were blind and 118 （21.07%） had low vision.In addition,the main causes of blindness and low vision were different （χ2 =32.79,P〈0.01）.Blindness resulted primarily from genetic , congenital anomalies or developmental disorders （ 29.4%） and retinopathy or choroidopathy （23.5%）,while low vision resulted primarily from retinopathy or choroidopathy （32.4%） and genetic,congenital anomalies or devel-opmental disorders （23.7%）.Conclusion There were more blindness cases than low vision .Genetic,congenital anomalies or devel-opmental disorders and retinopathy or choroidopathy were the principal causes of blindness and low vision respectively .The proportion of cataract has markedly reduced .

关 键 词：残疾人 盲 低视力 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]