微小亚历山大藻对近江牡蛎清滤率以及麻痹性贝类毒素(PSP)蓄积的影响  

Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum on uptake and the accumulation of PSP toxins in oyster Ostrea rivularis

作　　者：解万翠[1] 卞中园[1] 杨锡洪[1] 毛丹卉[1] 章超桦[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室,广东普通高等学校水产品深加工重点实验室,国家贝类加工技术研发分中心(湛江),广东湛江524088

出　　处：《水产学报》2013年第12期1848-1853,共6页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271938);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(GARS-48)

摘　　要：为获知近江牡蛎对有毒微小亚历山大藻的滤食以及蓄积PSP毒素的规律性，本实验采用细胞毒性为（93．42±2．55）×10^3MU／个的微小亚历山大藻投喂近江牡蛎，以无毒扁藻投喂作对照，首先研究了0．5×10^3～3．0×10^3个／mL6个不同浓度的毒藻对近江牡蛎滤食的影响，然后投喂浓度为1．5×10^3个／mL的毒藻，分别研究15h短期蓄积和5d长期蓄积对近江牡蛎体内毒素的影响及规律。结果表明，在0．5×10^3～1．5×10^3个／mL毒藻浓度范围内牡蛎清滤率较高，超过1．5×10^3个／mL时牡蛎清滤率显著下降（P〈0．01），由此确定后期投喂毒藻的浓度“阀值”为1．5×10^3个／mL；短期蓄积实验牡蛎在0～6h内将有毒藻滤食尽，其体内PSP毒素在6—12h间达到最大值[（149．6±10．5）MU／100g]，随后开始下降。长期蓄积实验过程中，牡蛎的清滤率没有发生显著变化（P〉0．01），在蓄积实验的第2天牡蛎体内PSP毒素水平超过国家限量标准（400MU／100g），在5d实验结束时，牡蛎体内PSP毒素水平高达（3069．2±178．2）MU／100g，高于国家限量标准的7．7倍。实验结果作为PSP在近江牡蛎中蓄积及代谢的重要基础数据，为研究PSP的脱除及净化提供思路。To study the filter-feeding and accumulation rate of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins （PSP）in Ostrea rivularts,the strain of A. minutum with a specific toxicity of（93.42 _＋2.55） ×10^-5 MU/cell was fed in this work. Firstly,the effect in clearance rate of A. minutum at 6 different concentrations of 0.5 ×10^3 - 3.0 ×10^3cells/mL was discussed. Then the concentration of 1.5 ×10^3 cells/mL of toxic algae was fed, and the accumulation of the 15 h short-term and 5 days long-term accumulation experiments were conducted to study the toxicity and accumulation laws, respectively. Results showed the oyster clearance rate is higher between concentrations 0.5 x 103 - 1.5 x 103 cells/mL, but while more than 1.5 x 103 cells/mL, it fell significantly（P 〈0.01 ）,indicating that the ＂threshold＂ toxic algae concentration was 1.5 ×10^3 cells/mL. The oyster finished food that was offered once during the 0 - 6 h experiment, the maximum toxicity of oyster was （ 149.6±10.5 ） MU/100 g during 6 - 12 h and then began to decline. When fed oysters twice daily with concentration of A. minutum （ 1.5 ×10^3 cells/mL） up to 5 days, the clearance rate of oyster did not change significantly, it led the toxicity of PSP to exceed the regulatory limit （400 MU/100 g） on the following day. At the end of the accumulation experiment,PSP toxin level was as high as（3 069.2 ± 178.2） MU/100 g,which was higher than the regulatory limit by 7.7 times. Result of the study serve as important basic data of the PSP accumulation and metabolism of Ostrea rivularis, and provide the advanced thinking for the removal and purification of the PSP in fisheries.

关 键 词：微小亚历山大藻 麻痹性贝类毒素 近江牡蛎 清滤率 蓄积 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] S966.2[农业科学—水产养殖]