诱导多能干细胞与细胞重编程技术的研究与未来  

Induced pluripotent stem cells and cell reprogramming technologies

作　　者：赵星[1,2] 黄元华[1] 马燕琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南医学院附属医院,海南省海口市570102 [2]郑州大学第一附属医院,河南省郑州市450052

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2013年第49期8608-8614,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家科技部973项目(2012CB966502);海南省科技厅国际合作重点项目(GJXM20100004;GJXM201106);人力资源和社会保障部2011年度留学人员科技活动择优资助项目(201150804);海南省自然科学基金项目(812185);海口市重点科技计划项目(2012078)~~

摘　　要：背景:目前重编程技术的快速发展为干细胞的研究提供了广泛的前景。诱导多能干细胞避免了胚胎干细胞在研究及应用过程中面临的伦理问题,通过重编程技术可以获得患者特异性诱导多能干细胞和疾病特异性诱导多能干细胞,显著减少了免疫排斥反应。然而重编程技术还存在一些难题:如效率低、安全问题等。目的:以诱导多能干细胞特点及重编程的基本原理为出发点,从细胞来源、载体、转录因子、microRNA、信号转导通路等5个方面,论述重编程技术的研究进展。方法:以"重编程,诱导多能干细胞,信号转导通路,表观遗传,microRNA,转录因子,载体,体细胞,小分子化合物,安全性"为中文检索词,"reprogramming,induced pluripotent stem cell,signal transduction pathway,epigenetics,microRNA,transcription factor,vector,somatic cell,small molecule compound,safety"为英文检索词,应用计算机检索维普(VIP)期刊全文数据库、万方全文数据库、中国知网全文数据库、PubMed数据库、Springer数据库1990年1月至2013年4月有关诱导多能干细胞与细胞重编程技术的文献,排除与研究目的无关及重复性研究,保留67篇文献进一步分析。结果与结论:通过尝试运用不同种类的细胞、载体、转录因子、microRNA或抑制信号转导通路,重编程效率有所提高,安全问题有所改善。但目前这些技术难题仍然未被解决,诱导多能干细胞仍不能用于临床。要实现诱导多能干细胞在临床上的应用,必须进一步明确重编程的机制,优化重编程策略。BACKGROUND：At present, the development of reprogramming technology provides a wide prospect for stem cellresearch. Through the ectopic co-expression of reprogramming factors, the somatic cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state, termed as induced pluripotent stem cells, which can avoid the ethical controversy faced in the research and application of embryonic stem cells. Also, we can generate patient-specific and disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells, which significantly decrease immuno-rejection. However, reprogramming technology faces some chal enges, such as low efficiency and safety. OBJECTIVE：Based on the characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cells and the principles of reprogramming, to detail the progress in reprogramming technology from five aspects, including cellresources, carriers, transcription factors, microRNA and signal transduction pathway. METHODS：A computer-based online retrieval was performed to search papers published form January 1990 to April 2013 in VIP periodical ful-text database, Wanfang periodical ful-text database, CNKI periodical ful-text database, PubMed database and Springer database with key words of“reprogramming, induced pluripotent stem cell, signal transduction pathway, epigenetics, microRNA, transcription factor, vector, somatic cell, smal molecule compound, safety”both in Chinese and English. After excluding objective-independent papers, 67 papers were included for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：By exploring different cellresources, different carriers, various combination of transcription factors, microRNAs or inhibition of the signal transduction pathways, the reprogramming efficiency and safety have been improved greatly. However, currently, induced pluripotent stem cells stil could not meet the requirement of clinical application. To achieve the clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is urgent to explore the mechanism of reprogramming, and to optimize the programming strategy.

关 键 词：干细胞 干细胞综述 重编程 诱导多能干细胞 信号转导通路 表观遗传 microRNA 转录因子 载体 体细胞 小分子化合物 安全性 973项目 

分 类 号：R394.2[医药卫生—医学遗传学]