论先秦儒家伦理中“勇”的内涵  

On the Connotation of “Courage” of Pre-Qin Confucian Ethics

作　　者：马家忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学人文与政治教育学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第6期1032-1035,共4页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：江苏省教育科学"十二五"规划基金项目课题(D/2011/01/080)

摘　　要：以先秦儒家伦理的经典书目为依托,考察"勇"概念的辩证脉络及伦理意涵。相对于古希腊伦理中的"智"、"公"、"节"、"勇"四德,先秦儒家将"知"、"仁"、"勇"并称为三德,其中"勇"具有"无惧"和"知耻"两个特征,"勇"的层级亦分为"上勇"、"中勇"与"下勇","勇"的意涵也以"勇德"为贵,"勇气"次之,"勇力"为轻依次呈现。"勇"之所以被先秦儒家称为德,是因为它是在仁爱信念的驱动下体现出的一种无惧、知耻、合义、达礼且好学的中庸之道。Based on the classics of Pre-Qin Confucian ethics, the article examines the ethical implications and dialectic context of the concept of ＂Courage＂. Compared with the Four Virtue of Ancient Greece ＂Wisdom＂, ＂Fairness＂, ＂Thrift＂, ＂Courage＂, Pre-Qin Confucian in ancient China considered ＂Wisdom＂,＂Benevolence＂ and ＂Courage＂ as the Three Virtue, among them , ＂Courage＂ bore two characteristics of ＂fearlessness＂ and shame .And the connotation of ＂Courage＂ was divided into ＂ ＇ ,, , superior courage＂ , ＂secondary courage＂ , ＂inferior courage＂, the meanings of ＂Courage＂ put ＂heroic character＂ first,＂fortitude＂ second, ＂prowess＂ last. The reason why ＂Courage＂ was conmdered as virtue by the Pre-Qin Confucianism is that ＂Courage＂ manifested ＂the Golden Mean＂ of ＂fearlessness＂,＂ashamed- ness＂,＂morality＂,＂ritual meaning＂ under Benevolence belief driver.

关 键 词：儒家伦理 知耻 上勇 勇德 

分 类 号：B825[哲学宗教—伦理学]