从“是”和“的”、“有”和“了”看肯定和叙述  

Distinction between assertion and narration:With reference to the contrast of shi(是) vs.you(有) and de(的) vs.le(了)

作　　者：王冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处：《中国语文》2014年第1期22-34,95-96,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目<汉语国际教育背景下的汉语意合特征研究与大型知识库和语料库建设>(项目批准号:12&ZD175)的资助

摘　　要："是"和"有"是现代汉语中使用频度极高的两个动词,"的"和"了"是使用频度极高的两个虚词。本文证明了,"是"和"的"相通,都表示肯定,"有"和"了"相通,都表示叙述,而"是/的"和"有/了"的区分是汉语里最重要的分野,即肯定和叙述的分野。同时,通过对"是"和"有"共现、"的"和"了"共现情形的考察发现了两者之间的不对称,即叙述可以被肯定,肯定很难再被叙述。而这种不对称关系是汉语中的名词和动词之间的包含关系的反映。Function words de and le are the two most commonly used words in modern Chinese,and shi and you occur more frequently than any other verbs.This paper finds that de and shi perform similar functions in expressing assertion and both le and you are usually used in narrative constructions.This scenario of division supports the proposal that the distinction in modem Chinese between assertion and narration,instead of between nouns and verbs,is a primary distinction.The asymmetry between shi and you and between de and le reflects the containment relationship of nouns and verbs.

关 键 词：“是” “的”“有”“了”肯定 叙述 词类包含 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]