输气管道建设项目景观及生态系统影响评价——以广东省天然气管网一期工程为例  

Landscape Impact Assessment for Pipeline Projects:A Case Study of Guangdong Natural Gas Project(Phase I)

作　　者：刘谞承[1] 张玉环[1] 梁明易[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655

出　　处：《环境与发展》2013年第11期118-124,共7页Environment & Development

摘　　要：广东省天然气一期总长约466.5 km,其中干线长度约369.1 km,支干线长约97.4 km。项目建设区域包括广州、佛山、肇庆、惠州、韶关、清远和东莞6市。天然气管道建设因其工程特性、施工方式,不可避免对土地利用类型、土壤、植被、动物、农业等方面带来影响,其表征为景观生态的直接影响,由此带来生态系统结构和功能的改变。以广东省天然气一期为例,采用遥感解译和GIS分析技术进行生态影响评价。通过地貌、植被、土地利用现状和现代地理过程等要素的组合,结合景观破碎度、多样性、优势度等指标,定量评价管道建设造成的景观生态影响。选取植被、土壤亮度、湿度、热度等指数,确立各指数权重分后,建立生态评价模型,对生态系统质量进行综合评价,分析管道建设可能造成的生态系统影响。评价区内景观生态类型可分为水域、旱地、水田、林地、草地、建设用地6种,各占6.5%、9.9%、51.2%、25.2%、2.8%和4.3%,破碎度为0.298,均匀度0.743,优势度0.594;生态环境质量可分为良好、中等、较差3类,各占39.8%、26.0%和34.2%。Abstract： Guangdong Natural Gas Pipeline Project （ Phase I） is totally 466.5 km in length, including a trunk - pipeline with a length of 369 km and a branch - pipeline of 97.4 km. This project was constructed in six cities, i.e. , Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhaoqing, Huizhou, Shaoguan, Qingyuan and Dongguan. The construction of natural gas pipeline changes land - use types and have impacts on the environment, including the soil, vegetation, fauna and flora, agriculture etc. It affects the natural landscape directly, changes the structure and function of the ecosystem. Taking the Guangdong Natural Gas Pipeline Project （Phase I } as a case, remote sensing interpretation and Geographic Infor- mation System were used for ecological impact assessment. Combining the elements of topography, vegetation, land use, landscape impact assessment was evaluated quantitatively on the basis of such indices as landscape fragmentation, diversity and dominance. Judging the index weight of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） , BRIGHTNESS, HOT and HUMIDITY for establishing the Ecological assess- ment modeling, the ecological state was evaluated comprehensively, and the impact on the ecosystem by the project was assessed. In this project, the landscape were divided into six types, namely, water, dry land, paddy fields, woodland, grassland and built - up land, with 6. 5% , 9.9% , 51.2% , 25.2% , 2.8% and 4.3% , respectively. The landscape fragmentation index is 0. 298, the landscape diversity index 0. 743, the landscape dominance index is 0.594, the ecological state can be divided into three categories, i. e. , high, moderate and low, with 39.8% ,26.0% and 34.2% respectively.

关 键 词：输气管道 景观生态 生态系统 影响评价 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]