100型钩缓装置受压稳定性模型及应用  

Pressing Stability Model and Application of 100 Type Coupler ＆ Draftgeart Gear

作　　者：张运伟[1] 杨俊杰[1] 姚远[2] 张红军[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国北车集团大同电力机车有限责任公司技术中心,大同610031 [2]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《铁道机车车辆》2013年第A02期110-116,共7页Railway Locomotive & Car

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（51205324）,四川省应用基础研究计划项目（2012JY0021）,中国北车集团公司重点研究课题（2012NGBl02）

摘　　要：为了研究100型钩缓装置的受压稳定性，根据摩擦圆理论，分析不同车钩转角下车钩的受力状态，总结了该类车钩的结构特点。建立4节重联机车及详细结构的车钩多体动力学模型，仿真重载机车紧急制动及车钩失稳过程，分析相关参数对车钩失稳的影响。结果表明该类车钩在小转角内，具有自稳定特征，车钩横向力较小；车钩在较大转角时，传力线转角小于实际车钩转角，有利于减小车钩横向力和倾覆力矩，提高其稳定性。增加车钩尾端圆弧接触面摩擦系数有利于车钩的稳定，随着车钩最大纵向压缩力的增加，满足车钩稳定所需要的圆弧接触面摩擦系数增加。通过增加机车二系横向刚度和减小二系横向止挡间隙，显著提高了机车的稳钩能力，当最大车钩压缩力为2500kN时，所需要的圆弧接触面摩擦系数由原来的0．6减小为0．35，降低了机车因车钩力引起脱轨的风险。车钩临界失稳角主要与车钩圆弧接触面摩擦系数有关；当摩擦系数为0．3，车钩临界失稳角为4．0°～4．5°。分析结果对提高该类车钩的稳钩能力以及机车悬挂参数的合理匹配具有意义。In order to study the stability mechanism of a type coupler with arc contact in the end. The force states of coupler are analyzed on different yaw angle according to the friction circle theory, and the structural characteristics of this type coupler are summarized. A multi-body-dynamics model with four heavy haul locomotives and three detailed coupler is established to simulate the process of emer- gency brake of the train and the coupler changes to unstable, and to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on the coupler instabili- ty. The results show that： the type of coupler hold the ability of self-stability and small lateral force in the small yaw angle. The angle of the force line is less than the actual angle of coupler when the yaw angle is larger and that help to reduce the lateral force and the yaw torque of coupler. The increases of friction coefficient of arc contact surface are conducive to the stability of the coupler. The friction coefficient need increase to meet the increases of the maximum coupler longitudinal force. The stability of coupler improves significantly by increasing the second suspension stiffness and reducing the gap of the lateral stopper. When the maximum coupler compression force reaches 2500 kN, the minimum friction coefficient from 0.6 reduce to 0.35, and that reduce the derailment risk caused by the coupler force. The critical instability angle of coupler depends on the arc contact friction coefficient mainly. When the friction coefficient is 0.3, the critical instability angle is 4--4.5 degrees. The results have implications for a reasonable match to improve the stability of such coupler hook capabilities and locomotive suspension parameters.

关 键 词：重载车钩 稳钩原理 摩擦圆 机车 脱轨 

分 类 号：U260.11U260.341[机械工程—车辆工程]