从政治遗民到文化遗民——侯方域参加清廷乡试原因新论  

From Political Adherents to Cultural Adherents:A New Study on Hou Fangyu's Provincial Examination of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：扈耕田[1] 

机构地区：[1]洛阳理工学院河洛文化传承与创新研究中心,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第1期108-113,共6页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目"明清河南文化世家研究"(2013BIS016)阶段性成果

摘　　要：侯方域参加清廷乡试,为清初文坛与遗民界极其重要的事件,长期受后人关注。然其原因,至今仍众说纷纭,成为一大聚讼。深入解读侯方域的作品,可以看出其晚年为学趣向与青年时的狂儒、异端大异,而近于醇儒。这一转变,与清初特殊的政治背景密切相关,体现出他试图"以道易天下"、通过"济满以汉"的方式以保存汉文化的思想。这种转向表明,侯方域已由早期政治遗民转化为文化遗民。这必然影响到他对出处问题的思考,成为其参加清廷乡试的深层动机。这不仅是解开侯方域参加清廷乡试问题的关键,而且对研究明遗民的转型及出处策略的演变均有重要意义。It was an important event to the literary and adherent world that Hou Fangyu took part in the provincial examination in the early Oing Dynasty. It has been a Long-term concern for academia, but the public opinions about its cause are still controversial, which becomes a focus of debate. Through in-depth interpretation of the works of Hou Fangyu, we can find that his academic interests turned from the early mad Confucianism to classic Confucianism. This shows he turned from a political dynasty adherent into a cultural adherent. Based on this, under the special political background, Hou Fangyu tried to change the world by the Confucianism, supplementing the Manchu culture by the Han culture. This is the provincial deep motivation of his participating in the examination. It has important significance not only to Hou Fangyu＇s provincial examination question, but also to the research of the Ming Dynasty adherent＇s transformation and their adjustment strategy of going into the world and leaving the world.

关 键 词：侯方域 乡试 遗民 情结 转型 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]