自然种类命名的性质描述路径探析  

Naming Natural Kinds by Means of Property- describing

作　　者：张存建[1] 武庆荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学法政学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]淮阴师范学院政治与公共管理学院,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2014年第1期45-51,共7页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏师范大学科研基金项目(12XWR011);江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学项目(2013SJB720002);江苏省社科基金项目(13ZXD017)

摘　　要：克里普克及其支持者接受"描述论"以性质描述命名自然种类的方案,并以本质性质代替表观性质对之做出推进。在相关讨论中,自然种类的命名成为关联语言哲学和形而上学研究的纽带。相比之下,HPC更注重从解释生物学现象的角度命名自然种类。从语义研究的角度看,命名自然种类需要一定的先验条件;自然主义则要求基于科学探究的经验命名自然种类。诉诸自然种类词项的解释功能,则给出了一种兼顾二者命名自然种类的可能性,HPC为此开辟了一个值得关注的方向。Kripke and his supporters follow the Description Theory in naming natural kinds by means of property-describing. To advance this means,essential properties are substituted for apparent properties. In the discussions,the naming of natural kinds becomes the link between philosophy of language and metaphysics. By contrast,HPC lays more stress on naming natural kinds from the perspective of interpreting biological phenomena. In semantic study,we need certain apriori conditions in naming a natural kind. Naturalism,however,requires experience based on scientific inquiry in naming a natural kind. Appealing to the interpretational function of natural kind terms,we are able to name natural kinds by taking both approaches into account. In this respect HPC offers a worthwhile approach for us to follow.

关 键 词：自然种类 本质主义 性质 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]