黄遵宪:渐进主义的地方自治构想  

On Huang Zunxian's Vision of Incrementalism-based Regional Autonomy

作　　者：汪太贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第4期36-47,共12页Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：黄遵宪是"清末"预备立宪前现代意义地方自治的倡导者和尝试者,他创立了以"自治其身,自治其乡"为起点的逐级推进地方自治的思想模式,成为后来中国地方自治的经典模式。黄遵宪对地方自治的最初认识始于1877年,其以清朝首届驻日使馆参赞的身份随公使何如璋东渡日本,对日本明治维新以来地方政制做了细心体察。他认为,中国贫弱源于政弊,政弊之端又在官集权于一身,致使民权丧失、民智阻塞、民气不昌、民力衰弱。而破除政弊之道在于伸张民权、开启民智和壮大民力,破除政弊之法又首在地方自治。在他意愿中,"自治其身"可以养成国民自治资格,"自治其乡"足以奠定自治的基础。它是破除专制集权的开端和赋予民权方式,最终使中国走向立宪政治的途径。Huang Zunxian is a forerunner of regional autonomy before the Preliminary Constitutional Movement of late Qing Dynasty. He advocated a gradual local government autonomy with ＂autonomy of citizens and villages＂ as its starting basis, which formed the classic mode of China＇s regional autonomy afterwards. Huang＇s understanding of the regional autonomy began in 1877, when he visited Japan as the Qing Dynasty＇s first Embassy Counselor to- gether with He Ruzhang, the Minister of Japan, and watched closely the change of Japan＇s local political system during its Meiji Restoration. He believed that China＇s poverty and weakness was resulted from its political disad- vantages, with political authority centralization on top of the problems, which in turn resulted in weakening of civil rights, wisdom, morales and power. To get rid of the political disadvantages, China should advocate the civ- il rights, enlightenment and growth of its citizens, which lies initially in the autonomy of local government. In his theory, the ＂autonomy of citizens＂ may enhance the national qualifications of civil autonomy while the ＂autonomy of villages＂ could lay the foundation for an autonomized government. It was a beginning to break the centralization of authority and empower civil rights to citizens, so as to pave the way to China＇s constitutional politics .

关 键 词：黄遵宪 自治其身 自治其乡 民权 立宪政治 

分 类 号：DF0[政治法律—法学理论]