哈罗德·布鲁姆的文学批评理路  

Tracing the Self: Harold Bloom's Approach to Literary Criticism

作　　者：杨龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学人文社会科学学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《长江学术》2013年第4期65-72,共8页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：江西省社会科学规划项目阶段性成果(项目编号:08WX10)

摘　　要：当代美国批评家哈罗德·布鲁姆的文学批评经历了三个阶段:第一阶段,布鲁姆投身浪漫主义诗歌批评,在与T.S.艾略特及其新批评追随者们的抗辩中,坚持并重新阐释浪漫主义传统,强调浪漫主义诗歌创造所倚赖的自我中心主义,初步显露出自己个人化的诗学旨趣;第二阶段,布鲁姆从诗歌批评迈向诗歌理论建构,创造出自己独特的影响诗学,深刻阐扬个人与传统之间存在的"影响的焦虑"图式,其中特别强调了自我与时间的对抗;第三阶段,布鲁姆介入时下文学经典论争,展开自己独特的正典批评思路,着重关注"正典形成"问题,将正典的创造阐释为诗人追求自我正典化的审美强力角逐,并流露出自己作为强力批评家的正典身份期许。纵览布鲁姆的文学批评历程,他始终坚持密切追踪文学作者、读者、批评家三者在文本实践中的自我角色发挥,这样一条理路内在地统一了他的文学批评整体。Harold Bloom＇s critical career can be divided into three stages. At the first stage, Bloom was engaged in the criticism of romantic poetry, and resisted the impersonal poetics of T. S. Eliot and his followers from New Criticism. While defending and reinterpreting the tradition of romanticism, he emphasized the egocentrism by which romantic poetry was crea- ted, which initially reveals his own particular notions of poetics. At the second stage, Bloom turned to constructing his own poetics, and created the poetics of influence which deeply explains the patterns of ＂anxiety of influence＂ existing between the individual and the tradition, especially elaborated the rivalry of self and time. At the third stage, Bloom has been involved in the present argument about literary canon and developed his own ideas of canonical criticism, focusing on ＂the formation of canon＂. According to him, the creation of canonical poems result from the aesthetic competition among poets who pursue the self-canonization. And at the same time, Bloom reveals his expectation of himself as a strong critic which would grant him a canonicity. At all the three stages of Bloom＇s literary critical career, he has been always sticking to tracing closely the self role of literary authors, readers and critics played in the text practice, and such a trace has integrated his critical system and approaches.

关 键 词：自我 传统 个人化 影响诗学 正典 

分 类 号：I712.06[文学—其他各国文学]