沙地草场退化的社会根源及其本土对策——以科尔沁沙地边缘地带的两个蒙古族艾勒为例  

Social Reasons of Sandy Pasture Degradation and Its Local Solutions:A Case Study of Two Mongolian Ails in the Border Area of Horqin Sandy Land

作　　者：孟和乌力吉[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学民族学与社会学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《原生态民族文化学刊》2013年第4期139-144,156,共7页Journal of Ethnic Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"中国少数民族文化生态研究"(11RZD071)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：在内蒙古科尔沁沙地西北西拉木伦河流域半农半牧区进行的田野调查基础上,运用文化人类学和环境社会学研究方法,从土地政策的变化和移民的文化属性两个视角入手考察了处于相同生态地理环境和社会文化环境的两个牧村截然不同的两片草场,对其互不相同的草场利用模式进行比较,分析导致不同结果的社会机制与文化根源。并认为,地方政府应站在因地制宜的立场,对其草场承包政策进行审视和适当调整;地域居民则要传承环境文化,熟练掌握本土游牧生态知识;鼓励和支持环境社团的参与和监督,创造一种三方互动的良性机制。在地方生态环境管理过程中,充分突出本土文化知识与现代科学知识的结合,尤为体现前者之应用价值与特殊意义。Field investigations were conducted in the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral ar- eas of the Xilamulun Valley in the northwestern border of Horqin sandy land of eastern Inner Mongolia. On the basis of the investigations and the research methods of cultural anthropolo- gy and environmental sociology, the present study was to carry out a research of different pasturelands in the two villages with the same geographic, social and cultural conditions from the perspectives of land policy changes and immigrant cultural nature. A comparative study was implemented on the different patterns for their pastureland uses for the social and cultural reasons of the different results in the villages. It was concluded that the local gov- ernments should adapt their measures to local conditions, examine and properly adjust the policy of pastureland contracts. The local residents should inherit the environmental cultural habits and have a good master of the local nomadic ecological knowledge. The participation and supervision from environmental associations should be encouraged and supported for the virtuous mechanism of a tripartite interaction. In the process of local eco-environment man- agement and environmental policy implementation, the government should highlight the combination of local cultural knowledge and modern science, particularly the application and significance of the local cultural knowledge.

关 键 词：沙地草场退化 社会根源 本土对策 蒙古族艾勒 

分 类 号：X3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]