我国优秀跆拳道运动员体能训练中的几个关键点研究  

The Key Points of Physical Training forElite Taekwondo Athletes in China

作　　者：胡卫东[1] 徐玄冲[2] 王卫星[2] 董德龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]长春工程学院体育教学部,吉林长春130012 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084 [3]鲁东大学体育学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2014年第1期136-144,F0003,共10页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运科研攻关项目(09075)

摘　　要：采用测试、对比及数理统计等方法,对我国国家跆拳道队优秀运动员(男14名,女12名)分别从有氧训练、无氧训练和力量训练3个方面展开研究。结果表明,1)我国男、女优秀跆拳道运动员的相对最大功率分别为(11.31±2.46)w/kg和(9.21±1.07)w/kg,与国外优秀跆拳道运动员相差不大[男(11.8±2.0)w/kg;女(7.23±0.37)w/kg];2)相对平均功率分别为(7.14±1.32)w/kg和(7.08±2.14)w/kg,功率下降率分别为(65.31±6.17)%和(60.42±11.54)%,这两项指标明显低于国外优秀跆拳道运动员;3)快速力量训练部位存在非衡化现象,且训练部位主要集中于下肢和全身(约占80%);4)不同角速度下的下肢肌力测试发现,跆拳道运动员左侧肌力存在优于右侧肌力现象,即左侧/右侧比值可能超过100%(男子运动员)。研究认为:身体机能训练中,优先改善运动员的功率下降率,即保持长时间高功率的能力是关键,而实现这一目标就需要变传统的"乳酸阈"模式为"两极化"模式;力量训练中,突出快速力量的核心地位,但一方面,需加强训练部位的均衡化,另一方面必须确立异侧稳定支撑力量的重要作用。Through using the method of testing, comparison and mathematical statistics, this pa- per analyzed the aerobic training, anaerobic training and strength training of elite athletes in na- tional taekwondo team （male 14 and female 12）. The results showed that. 1 ）Relative maxi- mum power of man and female player was （11.31±2.46）w/kg and （9.21±1.07）w/kg in China, and foreign elite taekwondo athletes had little difference [-male （ 11. 8 ＋ 2. 0 ） w/kg, fe- male（7.23±0. 37）w/kg]; 2） Relative to the average power is（7. 14± 1. 32）w/kg and （7.08±2. 14） w/kg, power drop rate were （65. 31±6. 17）% and （60. 42±11. 54）%, these two index was significantly lower than the foreign elite taekwondo athletes 3） The fast strength training exists unbalanced phenomenon, and training areas mainly concentrated in the lower extremities and whole body （ about 80 %） ; 4）Different angular velocity of lower extrem- ity muscle testing found, taekwondo athlete strength has superior strength left right phenome- non,namely the left / right ratio may exceed 100% （ male athletes ）. It suggested that the body training should prevent athletes power drop rate, i. e. keep long time high power capabili- ty is the key, and to achieve this goal requires the change from the traditional ＂ lactate thresh- old ＂ mode to ＂ two polarization ＂ mode~ Strength training should take fast power as core, meanwhile, one must strengthen training parts of the equalization, on the other hand, We must establish stable supporting force of the opposite side.

关 键 词：中国 跆拳道 优秀运动员 体能训练 关键点 

分 类 号：G886[文化科学—体育训练]