“国家”的分化、控制网络与冲突性议题传播的机会结构  

The Opportunity Structure of“State”Division,Network Control and Dissemination of Conflicting Topics

作　　者：夏倩芳[1] 袁光锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学新闻与传播学院 [2]南京大学新闻传播学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2014年第1期190-208,8-9,共19页Open Times

基　　金：教育部文科基地重大项目"现代传媒与社会风险控制"(批准号:07JJD860215)成果之一

摘　　要：在冲突性议题的传播中,"国家"是主导性的控制力量,但又不是铁板一块的整体,其内部存在着权力的分化,这为冲突性议题的传播提供了空间。国家对媒体采用的是属地化管理的体制,地方政府控制了媒体的财政权,冲突性议题难以获得本地媒体的传播机会,国家内部存在的纵横交错的关系网络则又进一步压缩冲突性议题传播的空间。冲突性议题的传播主要有"报道对象位于权力体系的底端"、"突破属地管理"和"政府有治理需求"三种机会结构,媒体在进行冲突性议题报道时,也往往采用脱离属地的权力体系、"用合作换取自主"等行动策略。在政治权力成为主导性权力的背景下,其他权力或群体也可以借助于政治权力的交换而控制冲突性议题的传播,这对国家治理和社会风险的化解是不利的。In the dissemination of a conflicting topic,the state is the guiding and controlling power. But the state is far from being a monolithic piece — there is power division inside it which provides room for the spreading of a conflicting topic. The state's control of media has been localized,so local governments have control over the financial and personnel power of the media,making it difficult for a conflicting topic to get circulated in the local media. The crisscrossing network inside the state further suppresses the spreading of a conflicting topic. There are three driving forces behind a conflicting topic:coverage of the base part of a power structure,breakthrough of local authority's control,and the government's need for more information. When covering a conflicting topic,the media would either free themselves from the control of local authority,or'use cooperation in exchange for autonomy'. In a situation where political power is the domineering force,other powers or the mass may control the spreading of a conflicting topic through exchange of political power — which is not helpful towards state governance and the resolution of social crisis.

关 键 词：冲突性议题 “国家”的分化 国家治理 属地管理 关系网络 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]