比较文学史上的宏观比较方法论及其价值  

Macroscopic Comparison in the History of Comparative Literature

作　　者：王向远[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国比较文学》2014年第1期171-182,共12页Comparative Literature in China

摘　　要："宏观比较文学"是以民族文学为最小单位的总体比较,古代阿拉伯帝国、日本、朝鲜等国,长期流行宏观比较;到了19世纪初的欧洲,斯达尔夫人、施勒格尔等人在宏观比较的实践的基础上,明确提出了"集体的比较"、"整体描述"和"宏观把握"的方法论;丹纳的"三要素决定论"为没有事实关系的平行的宏观比较建立了坐标轴,斯宾格勒的"基本象征"论、汤因比的"文明形态"论为宏观比较提供了基本的比较单元。宏观比较重总体把握,重印象描述,重直观感受,重直觉与观相的审美判断,追求形态性、个别性、民族性和特殊性。它与重事实、重实证的法国学派,与重规律性、普遍性的美国学派,在方法论上都有很大差异,具有独特的、不可取代的方法论价值,值得好好研究和吸收。Macroscopic comparative literature, as a general comparison between nations as the smallest units, was long practiced in ancient Arabic empire, Japan and Korea. Madame de Stael, August Wilhelm Schlegel and many others put forward undoubtedly the method ology of ＂collective comparison＂, ＂general comparison＂ and ＂macroscopic comparison＂ in Europe in early 192 century. Hippolyte Adolphe Taine＇s threefactor theory provides a coordinate for parallel macroscopic comparison without actual relationship, while Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler＇s fundamental allegory theory and Arnold Joseph Toynbee＇s civi lization forms provide the basic units for macroscopic comparison. Macroscopic comparison lays emphasis on general mastery, impression description, intuitive perception, instinct and aesthetic judgment of appearance. It works for formality, individuality, nationality and par ticularity. Different from French school stressing facts and demonstration, and American school stressing regularity and generality, macroscopic comparison has unique and irre placeable methodological significance.

关 键 词：比较文学 宏观比较文学 学科方法论 

分 类 号：I0-03[文学—文学理论]