上海地区百岁老人认知状况调查  

The investigation on the cognitive performance of the centenarians in shanghai district

作　　者：周益萍[1] 王传馥[3] 孙鹏镖 戴明麓 冯颖[2] 张丽[1] 魏文石[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属华东医院神经内科,上海市200040 [2]复旦大学附属华东医院营养科,上海市200040 [3]复旦大学附属华东医院老年病科,上海市200040 [4]上海老年学学会,上海市200040

出　　处：《老年医学与保健》2013年第6期353-356,共4页Geriatrics & Health Care

基　　金：上海市科委医学引导项目（124119a8802）;国家青年自然科学基金（81100795）;国家自然科学基金（81371220）

摘　　要：目的调查分析上海地区百岁老人的认知状况及其相关因素。方法以上海市范围内各区县随机抽取的3例百岁老人为调查对象，利用蒙特利尔认知评估表（MontrealCognitiveAssessment，MoCA），简易精神状态检查（Mini—Mentalstate，MMSE），以及老年抑郁量表（GeriatricDepressionScale，GDS）进行认知、情绪状况评估，并对性别、年龄、教育程度、居住环境、锻炼等因素进行相关性分析和回归分析。结果34例百岁老人中平均年龄（105．2±3．2）岁；其中男性18例（52．9％），女性16例（47．1％）。MMSE提示认知正常的占41．2％，MoCA提示轻度认知障碍及认知正常的占26．5％，GDS提示无抑郁症状的占64％。不同性别、年龄、教育程度在MoCA、MMSE的认知评估中差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05），有无失眠与锻炼习惯在MMSE、MoCA得分上差异无统计学意义。不同的性别、年龄、居住地、教育程度、锻炼习惯以及有无失眠在GDS得分上差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05oMoCA、MMSE得分与性别、年龄与为负相关，与教育程度、GDS得分为正相关；MoCA、MMSE和GDS得分与睡眠、锻炼因素无明显相关性。结论上海地区百岁老人认知状况基本良好，同时抑郁情绪并不突出。提示高教育水平，良好心态，以及用脑锻炼，对保持良好的认知功能起到积极的作用。Objective To investigate the cognitive performance and the relative factors of the centenarians in Shanghai district. Methods A total of 34 centenarians were randomly chosen as subjects within the limits of the districts in Shanghai city. The methods of Montreal cognitive Assessment, Mini-Mental state Examination and Geriatric Depression Scale were used to assess the status of cognitive performance and emotion about the subjects. Based on the data from the investigation, the correlation and regression analysis were carried out among the factors of gender, age, education level, living environment and exercise, etc. Results As a result, the average age of 34 centenarian sample was 105.2 years （SD=3.2） with 18 male and 16 female. The results showed that 41.2% were in state of normal cognitive, 26.5% mild cognitive impairment and 64% without depressive symptom according to the MMSE, MoCA and GDS separately. Gender, age and education level made significant differences in the assessments of MoCA and MMSE （P〈0.05）, but sleeplessness and physical exercise did not （P 〉 0.05）. However, no significant differences on GDS scores for the dependent variables such as gender, age, residence, education level, physical exercise and sleeplessness （P〉0.05）. Gender and age has negative correlation with the scores of the MoCA and MMSE while education level and GDS has positive correlation with them. The factors of sleep and exercise have no significant correlation with the MoCA, MMSE and GDS. Conclusions The centenarians in Shanghai district perform good cognitive performance and show less depression, which indicates that higher level of edu- cation, positive personality, and more brain exercise will play a positive role in keeping good cognitive function.

关 键 词：百岁以上 认知障碍 蒙特利尔认知评估量表 简易精神状态检查 老年抑郁量表 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]