鲫鱼尾鳍的黏弹性力学性质测量  

Measurement of Caudal Fin Viscoelastic Properties of Crucian Carp(Carassius auratus)

作　　者：陈明[1] 贾来兵[1] 尹协振[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学近代力学系,安徽合肥230027

出　　处：《实验力学》2013年第6期677-682,共6页Journal of Experimental Mechanics

摘　　要：鱼类在游动过程中表现出高效率和机动灵活的特点。鱼类通过拍动鱼鳍获得动力,并对游动过程进行控制,因此鱼鳍的力学性质影响着鱼类在游动中的表现。在以往的研究中,研究者多将鱼鳍假设为弹性材料。本文通过单轴拉伸后的松弛实验测量了鲫鱼尾鳍的黏弹性力学性质。在松弛实验中,拉力随着时间的增加而逐渐减小。在实验的前100s时间内,拉力衰减至最大拉力的75%。本文采用五参数的线性黏弹性模型对松弛实验的数据进行了拟合。基于拟合得到的模型,发现在快速起动及巡游过程中,鲫鱼尾鳍的黏弹性性质能够增加鲫鱼尾鳍的表观刚度,同时在巡游过程中,由于黏性引起的能量耗散非常小。Fish exhibit high efficiency and flexible features in swimming process. In the course of swimming, through flapping their fins fish gain momentum and control their swimming. Therefore the mechanical properties of fin affect fish swimming performance. In most previous studies, fish fin is assumed to be elastic. In this study, caudal fin viscoelastic properties of Crucian carp （Carassius auratus） were measured through relaxation experiment after uniaxial tensile. In the relaxation experiment, tension force decays with time. Within the time of beginning 100 seconds, the tensile force reduces to 75% of the maximum force. The relaxation experimental data were fitted based on a five-parameter linear viscoelastic model. Further analysis based on the model suggests that caudal fin viscoelasticity of Crucian carp may inhance their apparent stiffness during both fast-start and cruise, and the energy dissipation due to viscoelasticity during cruise is small.

关 键 词：鱼鳍 黏弹性材料 松弛 数学建模 

分 类 号：O345[理学—固体力学] Q66[理学—力学]