薄弱学校委托管理的法律保障机制研究——以美国《特许学校法》问责条款为例  

Improving the quality of low-performing schools by trust through legislation: Charter School Revocation Statue in the USA

作　　者：索磊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部,博士研究生重庆400715 [2]闽南师范大学教育系,副教授漳州363000

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2013年第24期55-61,共7页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"二战后美国联邦政府立法对教师教育影响研究"(13YJC880103);闽南师范大学新世纪优秀人才支持计划"基础教育均衡发展政策的国际比较研究"(SX1004)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：薄弱学校改进有赖于法律提供保障,而问责又是薄弱学校改进法律保障体系不可或缺的内容。薄弱学校委托管理的根基是市场化和公益信托,强有力的问责机制是其成败的关键。基于信托机制的特许学校政策是美国改进薄弱学校的主要措施,美国允许开办特许学校的州均颁布了《特许学校法》。由于一些州《特许学校法》的问责条款不够完善,导致法律的可操作性较弱,对不合格特许学校的问责未能落到实处,从而引起人们对特许学校这一改革措施成效的极大争议。我国薄弱学校改进中的"委托管理"也面临着法律保障的问题,美国《特许学校法》的经验与教训可以为我们提供些许借鉴与启示。Legislation is essential to improve the quality of low-performing schools. Accountability is an important part of the legal protection system for the improvement of low-performing schools. Turning low-performing schools into Trust Schools is based on the theory of charitable trust market, so strong accountability mechanisms are the key to its success. Charter School is one of the measures taken to improve the quality of low-performing schools. Forty-two states and the District of Columbia have enacted charter school laws and charter school revocation statutes are included in these laws. Because of the discrepancy in defining the reasons for revocation and revocation procedure, the effectiveness of the laws vary a lot. The result is that the low-performing charter schools are not punished and received the Federal funding as other charter schools. This lead to the low efficiency of the Federal funding and caused great dispute on the charter schools policy. We can learn a lot from charter school legislation in America.

关 键 词：美国特许学校 薄弱学校 委托管理 法律保障 问责 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.1