生物炭用量对模拟土柱氮素淋失和田间土壤水分参数的影响  

Effects of quantity of biochar on nitrogen leaching in simulated soil columns and soil moisture parameters in field

作　　者：陈心想[1] 何绪生[1] 张雯[1] 耿增超[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2014年第1期110-114,139,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家林业局"948"项目(2009-4-64);国家农业部"948"项目(2010-Z19);陕西省科技攻关项目(2010K02-12-1);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2010JM5004)

摘　　要：利用土柱模拟试验和田间试验，把由果树废枝干制备的生物炭以0，20，40，60 t·hm^-2和80 t·hm^-2的用量施入土壤，以探明不同用量的生物炭对土壤硝铵态氮素淋失和土壤水分的影响。结果表明，施用生物炭可降低土壤NH4＋-N和NO3--N累积淋溶量，其中用量为80 t·hm^-2处理较对照分别降低了41%和18.6%（P＜0.05）；NO3--N淋溶主要集中在前三次，其淋溶量占总量的97.3%～98.8%，生物炭能增加NO3--N在土壤中的滞留时间，延缓淋失；在整个淋洗过程中，氮素主要以NO3--N的形式淋失，其累积淋溶量占NO3--N、NH4＋-N淋溶总量的97.3%～98.14%；施用生物炭种植春玉米后，土壤含水率和总孔隙度增加不显著。Using the simulation experiment in soil columns and field experiment, the different quantity of biochar prepared by the fruit tree branches as 0, 20, 40, 60 t·hm^-2 and 80 t·hm^-2 was applied to soil to search the impacts of different quantity of biochar on the nitra te nitrogen leaching and soil moisture. The results showed that after the biochar applied, the accumulative leaching amount of NH4＋-N and NO3--N in soil can be effectively reduced. Among them the treatment of 80 t·hm^-2 compared with the control, the NH4＋-N and NO3--N leaching was decreased 41% and 18.6% （P〈0.05）, respectively. The leaching loss of NO3--N major occurred in the first three times, the leaching amount of NO3--N was accounted for 97.3% to 98.8% of the total leaching volume. The biochar can increase the retention time of NO3--N in soil, retard the leaching loss. In whole leaching process, the main form of nitrogen leaching loss was the NO3--N. Its accumulative leaching amount accounted for 97.3% to 98.14% of the total NO3--N and NH4＋-N leaching losses. After application of biochar to plant the spring maize, the increase of soil water content and soil total porosity was not notable.

关 键 词：生物炭 氮素淋失 NO3^--N NH4^+-N 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S152.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]