Ada语言的发展  

Evolution of Ada Programming Language

作　　者：吴迪[1] 徐宝文[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学软件新技术国家重点实验室,南京210046 [2]南京大学计算机科学与技术系,南京210046

出　　处：《计算机科学》2014年第1期1-15,38,共16页Computer Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61170071)资助

摘　　要：Ada语言诞生于1979年,1980年被指定为美国军用标准,1983年被正式确立为ISO标准并投入使用。Ada所追求的主要目标是:程序的可靠性与可维护性、程序设计作为人的活动(强调程序可读性比可写性更重要)以及效率。Ada凭借其强大的功能、良好的可靠性以及对软件工程思想的优良体现在20世纪最后20年对程序设计语言的发展产生了重要影响。Ada广泛应用于高可靠、长生存期的大型软件研发,在军事、商业、公共交通、金融等领域的核心软件开发中发挥着重要作用。诸多欧美国家的国防与空中管制系统、交通运输系统、银行安全防卫系统等均使用Ada语言研制开发。迄今为止,国际标准组织先后确立过Ada 83,Ada 95,Ada 2005,Ada 2012等4个语言标准,新标准在旧标准的基础上均保持了良好的兼容性。从语言机制、应用、影响力等方面对Ada语言的发展进行全面的介绍和分析。The Ada programming language, born in 1979, was designated as the USA military standard in 1980 and offi- cially established as an IS（3 standard and put into use in 1983. Ada＇s original purposes are reliability, maintainability, readability and efficiency. Ada, with its robust features, good reliability and excellent software engineering ideas embo- died, has exerted great influences upon the development of programming languages from 1980s to 1990s. Ada is widely applied to exploit high-integrated and long-lived large software and it plays dominant role in manufacturing key software in the areas such as military, commerce, public transportation, finance, etc. Many software systems, including systems of national defense and air control, transportation systems and bank security guarding systems, are exploited with Ada in Europe and America. In general, four standards （Ada 83, Ada 95, Ada 2005, Ada 2012） of the language are published as international standards by ISO in the past 30 years and each standard has kept good compatibility upon the former one. From the perspective of language mechanism, application and influences, a comprehensive introduction and analysis of Adams evolution will be presented in the paper.

关 键 词：ADA 程序设计语言 强类型机制 程序包 分别编译 异常处理 类属单元 面向对象程序设计 并发程序设计 契约式程序设计 大型软件开发 

分 类 号：TP312[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]