北京海淀区户籍与流动儿童少年家庭用餐及饮食教育情况调查  

Survey on family meals and diet education of children and adolescents with and without Haidian householder register

作　　者：朱淑萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心,北京100094

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2014年第1期50-53,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解北京海淀区户籍与流动儿童少年家庭用餐及饮食教育状况,为制定相应的干预措施提供依据。方法采用二阶段分层随机整群抽样原则,选取北京海淀区969名中小学生作为研究对象,采用问卷调查法进行调查。结果儿童少年家庭就餐分别以"家里做饭"、"到餐馆用餐"、"购买外卖"、"热剩饭菜"和"吃方便面等方便食品"为主的比例分别为92.9%、3.0%、1.2%、1.4%和1.1%。58.1%的家庭用餐时"一家人都轻松自在地谈话,气氛活跃"(海淀区户籍儿童少年家庭的比例高于流动儿童少年家庭,P=0.001);8.7%的家长"常利用进餐时间对孩子进行说教"(海淀区户籍儿童少年家长的比例低于流动儿童少年家长,P<0.05);5.6%的家长"用餐时谈自己的事,不管孩子"(海淀区户籍儿童少年家长的比例低于流动儿童少年家长,P<0.01);20.2%的家庭"边吃饭边看电视";4.9%的家庭"进餐时气氛严肃,很少交谈";而67.9%的儿童少年表示在意用餐的环境和气氛(海淀区户籍儿童少年的比例高于流动儿童少年,P=0.001)。户籍和流动儿童少年家庭食物的主要制作人均为母亲。32.2%的家长"当孩子考试成绩好或表现好时给予某些食物当作奖励或安慰";10.8%的家长"在孩子吃了某些食物后,才会答应孩子别的请求或允许孩子做某件事"(海淀区户籍儿童少年家长的比例低于流动儿童少年家长,P<0.01);33.3%的家长"经常提示或教育孩子吃某些食物"(海淀区户籍儿童少年家长的比例低于流动儿童少年家长,P<0.05);21.1%的家长"喜欢、经常吃某些食物"。结论海淀区户籍与流动儿童少年家庭在用餐及饮食教育方面存在诸多不合理现象,应积极采取措施对儿童少年及其家长进行干预,改变不合理行为。Objective To investigate the information about family meals and diet education of children and adolescents with and without Haidian householder register m as to provide evidence for developing intervention measures. Methods By random two- stage cluster sampling, 969 students of primary and secondary schools were selected from Haidian District in Beijing. And a questionnaire survey was conducted among these students. Results The ratios of families with home cooking, going to a res- taurant, having a takeaway, reheating leftovers and eating instant noodle or instant food were 92.9 %, 3.0 %, 1.2 %, 1.4 % and 1.1%, respectively. 58.1% of families had an easy and pleasant meal time （the ratio was higher in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than those without Haidian householder register, P- 0. 001 ）. 8.7% of parents delivered ser- mons at dinner time （ the ratio was lower in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than thc,se without Haidian householder register, P 〈 0.05）. 5.6% of parents talked about their own things and did not care about their children at dinner time （the ratio was lower in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than thc,se without Haidian householder register, P〈0.01 ）. 20.2% of families watched TV during meals. 4.9% of families had a serious atmcxsphere and did not talk a lot at dinner time. 67.9 % of children and adolescents cared about the enviromnent and atmosphere during the dinner （the ratio was higher in children and adolescents with Haidian householder register than those without Haidian householder register, P- 0. 001 ）. Mothers were the leading producers of fcxxt in the investigated families. 32.2% of parents gave the child delicacies as a reward or comfort when he/she got a good examination result or was well behaved. 10.8 % of parents allowed the child to do things he liked only after eating the food what the parents required （the ratio was lower in children and adolescents with Haidianhouseholder re

关 键 词：家庭用餐 饮食教育 儿童少年 家长 

分 类 号：R155.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]