灌溉方式对绿洲灌区小麦间作玉米耗水特性的影响  

Effect of Irrigation Patterns on Water Consumption of Wheat-corn Intercropping in Irrigated Area in Oasis

作　　者：柴强[1] 杨彩红[1] 陈桂平[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2014年第1期105-110,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：甘肃省杰出青年基金(1111RJDA006);国家自然科学基金(31160265);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B10)资助

摘　　要：通过大田试验，在不同供水水平下，研究了交替灌溉小麦间作玉米的耗水量、土面蒸发特征及其主要影响因子。结果表明：小麦间作玉米耗水量较单作小麦、玉米耗水量的加权平均高12.7%-20.1%，与传统灌溉相比,交替灌溉可降低间作耗水量；小麦间作玉米的日均土面蒸发量较相应单作的加权平均增大了9.19%~13.6%，交替灌溉小麦间作玉米的日均土面蒸发量较平作漫灌低10.1%；与单作相比，间作土面蒸发量占蒸散量的比例（E/ET）高于单作。间作较低的平均叶面积指数（LAI）和较大的叶日积（LAD）是耗水量增大的重要原因之一。与传统灌溉相比，交替灌溉可降低间作表土层的含水量，可作为减小间作土面蒸发技术的切入点。In an oasis irrigated area, a field experiment of wheat-corn intercropping was carried out under differ- ent irrigation levels and irrigation patterns so as to determine the effect of alternative irrigation on water consumption of crops and soil evaporation, and the main factors related to water consumption of crops and soil evaporation were investigated. The purpose of this research was to provide the academic bases for reducing the evapotranspiration （ET） of intereropping and optimizing the irrigation technology. Results showed that the ET of wheat-corn intercrop- ping varied in a range of 12.7% -20.1% , it was higher than that of the weighted average ETs of sole cropping wheat and corn, and alternative irrigation could be used to decrease the ET of intercropping compared with the con- ventional irrigation. Intereropping could be used to increase the daily average soil evaporation （E） by 9.19% - 13.6% compared with that of the weighted average of sole cropping systems, and the alternative irrigation could be used to decrease the E of intercropping by 10.1% compared with the conventional irrigation. Compared with the sole cropping wheat and corn, the E/ET of intercropping was significantly increased, and to control E might be an effective way to improve available soil moisture in intercropping. The high ET of intercropping was mainly caused by low leaf area index （LAI） and high leaf area duration （LAD） . Compared with conventional irrigation, the alterna- tive irrigation could be used to decrease the soil moisture content in topsoil of intercropping, and it was beneficial to decrease soil evaporation.

关 键 词：间作 交替灌溉 土面蒸发 耗水量 绿洲灌区 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S513