喜玛拉雅山脉降水分布的一种气候估算方法  

A ESTIMATION METHOD OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION OVER THE HIMALAYAS

作　　者：林贤超[1] 林振耀[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家计委地理研究所

出　　处：《高原气象》1991年第1期88-93,共6页Plateau Meteorology

摘　　要：本文对Alpert提出的计算山地降水率方法加以改进成为估算山脉气候平均的年降水量的方法;并对沿87°E和95°E喜马拉雅山的经向降水分布进行了估算.结果表明:沿87E处估算的降水分布与实测值相当吻合,并存在两个最大降水量高度,一个位于1000—1500 m之间,年降水量为2800 mm;另一最大降水高度在3000—3500 m之间,年降水量为2000 mm。在沿95°E处的降水分布中有三个极大降水高度,分别为1000,2000和3500 m左右,其年降水量分别为4100,2700和2100 mm。In this paper, after changing Alpert' s method estimating mountain precipitation rate into the method estimating the mountain yearly mean rainfall, the method was utilized to estimate the yearly rainfall variation with height along 87 ° and 95 ° longitudes over Himalayas . The results show that the calculated precipitation have good agreement with the observed values along 87 ° E over the Himalayas.There are two maximums of preciptation along the longitude on the southern slope of the mountain: one situating at the heights between 1 000 to 1 500 m above sea level, with yearly rainfall of about 2 800 mm; The another , at the heights between 3 000 to 3 500 m, with yearly rainfall of about 2 000 mm. While there are three maximums of precipitation along the 95 ° E meridian on the southern slope of the Himalayas. They are located at heights of about 1 000, 2 000 and 3 500 m, respectively. The corresponding rainfall are about 4 100, 2 700 and 2 100 mm, respectively.

关 键 词：降水 分布 气候古算法 喜玛拉雅山 

分 类 号：P458.121[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]