十告九诬:清代诬告盛行之原因剖析  

Nine False Accusations out of Ten Charges: A Cause Analysis of Prevailing False Accusations in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：姚志伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广东金融学院法学研究所 [2]华东政法大学博士后科研流动站

出　　处：《北方法学》2014年第1期140-149,共10页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目"国家重建--东周法律变革新论"[项目编号(2013)91];国家社科基金重点项目"明清时期中国司法构造及运作原理研究"(项目编号10AFX005)的阶段性成果;第54批中国博士后科学基金;广东省高等学校"千百十工程"的资助

摘　　要：清代诉讼的一个重要特点是诬告现象的普遍,有"无谎不成状"之说。究其原因,可以理解为在清代特定的司法结构之下,百姓的策略行为与官员策略行为的互动导致了清代诬告现象的泛滥,因之也成为清代司法的"顽疾"。就百姓而言,面对官府的"抓大放小"式的司法管理,选择诬告这一策略行为作为回应,以使案件得到官府的受理和重视。就官府而言,诬告犯罪本应是严厉惩治的行为,却因官员规避审判责任的策略行为而被轻纵,这使得百姓诬告的风险降低,从而鼓励了诬告行为的发生。In Qing Dynasty, a major feature of litigation is that false accusations are pervasive and as the saying goes, ＂there is no accusation without lies＂. The causes lie in the specific judicial structure of Qing Dy- nasty in which citizens＇ strategy behavior interact with officials＇ strategy behavior, thus resulting in the perva- sion of false accusations and becoming an ＂incurable disease＂ in Qing＇ s judicial system. As for citizens, in response to the judicial administrative mode of ＂punishing the felony and letting go the misdemeanor＂, to choose false accusations is a strategy to earn the attention and case proceedings from officials; while as for ju- dicial officials, false accusations which should have been severely punished can actually be under disciplined due to officials＇ evasion of trial liability, which has lowered the risk of citizens to make false accusations and thus has encouraged the occurrence of false accusations.

关 键 词：清代 诬告 诉讼 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]